Svar på spm. nr. S 340: Vil regeringen, i lyset af Parlamentets holdning om at EU-/EØS-borgere skal have ret til danske dagpenge fra dag et, aktivere artikel 48 TEUF i Lissabon-traktaten, som giver et medlemsland mulighed for at anmode om, at et forslag til en EU-retsakt forelægges det Europæiske Råd til drøftelse, hvis medlemslandet erklærer, at denne retsakt lovgivningsmæssig berører vigtige aspekter af den pågældende medlemsstats sociale sikringssystem?

Beskæftigelsesministeriet
Ved Stranden 8
1061 København K
T +45 72 20 50 00
E bm@bm.dk
www.bm.dk
CVR 10172748
21. december 2018
J.nr. 2018 - 7850
Folketingets Lovsekretariat
lov@ft.dk
Finn Sørensen (EL)
Finn.S@ft.dk
Folketingsmedlem Finn Sørensen (EL) har den 12. december 2018, som omtrykt d.
13. december, 2018 stillet følgende spørgsmål nr. S 340, som hermed besvares.
Spørgsmål nr. S 340:
”Vil regeringen, i lyset af Parlamentets holdning om at EU-/EØS-borgere skal have
ret til danske dagpenge fra dag et, aktivere artikel 48 TEUF i Lissabon-traktaten,
som giver et medlemsland mulighed for at anmode om, at et forslag til en EU-
retsakt forelægges det Europæiske Råd til drøftelse, hvis medlemslandet erklærer,
at denne retsakt lovgivningsmæssig berører vigtige aspekter af den pågældende
medlemsstats sociale sikringssystem? ”
Svar:
Forslaget om én dags karens og de øvrige forslag fra Europa-Parlamentet i relation
til forordning 883 skal nu forhandles med Rådet og Kommissionen i de såkaldte
trilogforhandlinger.
Forhandlingerne igangsættes under det kommende rumænske EU-formandskab i
januar 2019.
Det kommende rumænske EU-formandskab har således kort tid til at forsøge at op-
nå en aftale om dette komplekse forslag, inden forhandlingerne mellem EU’s insti-
tutioner forventes at gå i stå forud for valget til Europa-Parlamentet i maj 2019.
Regeringen vil i de kommende forhandlinger med Europa-Parlamentet fortsætte
vores aktive indsats for at trække forslaget mere i retning af danske interesser selv-
om det ser vanskeligt ud.
Hvis forhandlingerne om forordning 883 hastes igennem inden det kommende valg
til Europa-Parlamentet i maj 2019, så frygter jeg desuden, at det endelige resultat
bliver et kompromis, som ingen EU-lande reelt kan være tilfredse med. Regeringen
vil derfor også arbejde for, at et så vigtigt og kompliceret forslag ikke hastes igen-
nem.
Når det er sagt så er den såkaldte ”nødbremse” indeholdt i artikel 48, stk. 2 i Trak-
taten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde. Her fremgår, at hvis et medlem
af Rådet erklærer, at et udkast til en lovgivningsmæssig retsakt som nævnt i stk. 1
(hjemlen til forordning 883/04) vil berøre vigtige aspekter af den pågældende med-
2018-19
S 340 endeligt svar , S 340 endeligt svar
Offentligt
2
lemsstats sociale sikringssystem, herunder anvendelsesområde, omkostninger og
økonomisk struktur, eller berører dette systems finansielle balance, kan medlemmet
anmode om, at spørgsmålet forelægges Det Europæiske Råd.
Selvom regeringen langt fra er tilfreds med udviklingen i forhandlingerne om en
revision af forordning 883/04, er det min vurdering, at vi ikke er i en situation, hvor
det er relevant at drøfte nødbremsen.
Regeringens prioriteter i forhandlingerne om forordning 883/04 har været båret af
hensyn til at sikre rimelighed og fornuft i reglerne, da vi ønsker at sikre fortsat fol-
kelig opbakning til det indre marked, som vi har så store fordele af. Derfor har re-
geringen bl.a. arbejdet for en karensperiode på tre måneder, hvilket svarer til
Kommissionens oprindelige forslag.
I forhold til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt en karensperiode på én dag vil berøre vigtige
aspekter af Danmarks sociale sikringssystem eller dette systems finansielle balan-
ce, er det vigtigt at holde proportionerne for øje.
Forslaget handler om sammenlægning af perioder for rettigheder til dagpenge og
en evt. karensperiode, inden man kan foretage den sammenlægning. Det er derfor
ikke korrekt, at en karensperiode på én dag vil betyde, at én dags beskæftigelse i
Danmark i sig selv udløser ret til danske arbejdsløshedsdagpenge. Adgangen til
danske dagpenge forudsætter, at vedkommende opfylder det danske indkomstkrav
for ret til dagpenge. For at få adgang til dagpenge efter én dag, skal vedkommende
forud herfor have været arbejdsløshedsforsikret i mindst ét år uafbrudt i et eller fle-
re andre EU-lande.
Hvis man kommer til Danmark og mister jobbet efter en meget kort periode, vil der
være grundlag for at undersøge, om der er tale om et job konstrueret alene med det
formål at opnå ret til dagpenge. Såfremt Europa-Parlamentets forslag skulle ende
med at blive vedtaget, vil regeringen naturligvis træffe foranstaltninger for at undgå
misbrug.
I denne sammenhæng kan også peges på erfaringer fra andre lande. De fleste lande,
herunder fx Sverige og Norge, har i modsætning til Danmark en karensperiode på
én dag. Dermed svarer reglerne i disse lande allerede til det, som Europa-
Parlamentet nu foreslår.
I 2017 var der, jf. vedlagte rapport fra Europa-Kommissionen, i Sverige 134 perso-
ner fra andre EU-lande, der havde behov for at medregne perioder fra det tidligere
beskæftigelsesland for at kunne få ret til dagpenge. Ud af de 134 personer havde 48
personer haft mindre end én måneds beskæftigelse. Af de 134 personer havde ca.
100 haft deres tidligere beskæftigelse i et andet nordisk land.
I Norge var der tale om 224 personer, der havde behov for at medregne perioder.
Heraf havde 94 personer mindre end en måneds beskæftigelse i Norge. Også i Nor-
ge var der tale om, at ca. 100 personer havde deres tidligere beskæftigelse i andet
nordisk land, heraf 40 i Danmark.
3
Under de nuværende danske regler sammenlagde 41 EU/EØS-borgere i 2017 peri-
oder fra andre medlemslande for at få ret til danske dagpenge, efter de har opfyldt
beskæftigelseskravet på 296 timers beskæftigelse inden for 3 måneder i Danmark.
Venlig hilsen
Troels Lund Poulsen


Aggregation of periods for
unemployment benefits
Report on U1 Portable Documents
for mobile workers
Reference year 2017
Frederic De Wispelaere & Jozef Pacolet - HIVA–KU Leuven
October 2018
2018-19
S 340 endeligt svar , S 340 endeligt svar
Offentligt
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Directorate D – Labour Mobility
Unit D/2 – Social security coordination
Contact : EMPL-D2-UNIT@ec.europa.eu
European Commission
B-1049 Brussels
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Network Statistics FMSSFE (Contract VC/2017/0463 ‘Network of Experts on intra-EU mobility –
Lot 2: Statistics and compilation of national data’)
2018
Aggregation of periods for
unemployment benefits
Report on U1 Portable Documents
for mobile workers
Reference year 2017
Network Statistics FMSSFE
This report has been prepared in the framework of Contract VC/2017/0463 ‘Network of Experts on intra-EU
mobility – social security coordination and free movement of workers / Lot 2: Statistics and compilation of
national data’. This contract was awarded to Network Statistics FMSSFE, an independent research network
composed of expert teams from HIVA (KU Leuven), Milieu Ltd, IRIS (UGent), ICON-INSTITUT Public Sector
GmbH, Szeged University and Eftheia bvba. Network Statistics FMSSFE is coordinated by HIVA.
Authors:
Frederic De Wispelaere, Research expert, HIVA Research Institute for Work and Society, University of
Leuven (KU Leuven).
Prof dr Jozef Pacolet, Emeritus with formal duties, HIVA Research Institute for Work and Society, University
of Leuven (KU Leuven).
Peer reviewers:
Prof dr József Hajdú, Head of the Department of Labour Law and Social Security, Szeged University.
Dr Gabriella Berki, Assistant Professor at the Department of Labour Law and Social Security, Szeged
University.
LEGAL NOTICE
This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the
authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information
contained therein.
More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu).
© European Union, 2018
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union.
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Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
5
Table of Contents
List of Tables .................................................................................................... 6
List of Figures ................................................................................................... 7
Summary of the main findings ............................................................................ 8
Introduction...................................................................................................... 9
1. General overview ....................................................................................10
2. Evolution of the number of PDs U1 received................................................17
3. A relatively small share in the total unemployment figure and in intra-EU
mobility...........................................................................................................19
Annex I Additional tables...................................................................................22
Annex II PD U1 Questionnaire ............................................................................24
Annex III Portable Document U1 ........................................................................25
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
6
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, 2017 12
Table 2 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by length
of insurance, employment or self-employment in Member State of
last activity, by competent Member State, 2017 13
Table 3 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by group
of Member States, 2017 15
Table 4 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by length
of insurance, employment or self-employment in Member State of
last activity, by former Member State of insurance, employment or
self-employment, 2017 16
Table 5 Evolution of the number of PDs U1 received, 2013-2017 18
Table 6 Evolution of the percentage of PDs U1 received for a length of
insurance, employment or self-employment of more than three
months, 2013-2017 19
Table 7 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, as a
percentage of the total number of unemployed persons and the total
annual EU/EFTA migration inflow of working age, 2017 21
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Aggregation of periods for unemployment by length of insurance,
employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by
competent Member State, 2017 14
Figure 2 Aggregation of periods for unemployment by length of insurance,
employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by
former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment,
2017 17
Figure 3 Citizenship of migrants of working age (15-64), by receiving Member
State, 2016 20
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
8
SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS
As a principle, unemployed mobile workers1
will claim benefits in the Member State2
of
last activity.3
In some cases a mobile worker’s period of insurance, employment or
self-employment is insufficient to be entitled to an unemployment benefit. In such
cases additional periods completed by the person in a Member State other than the
competent State (Member State of last activity) and proven by a Portable Document
U1 are required.
For reference year 2017, a total of 43,901 cases of aggregation of periods for
unemployment were reported by 28 Member States. In most of these cases the
Member State of last activity was Bulgaria (11,973) or France (7,347). A similar
number of cases of aggregation were reported by EU-15 and EU-13 Member States.
Only 0.3% of the unemployed persons had to rely on the principle of aggregation of
periods. Furthermore, an average 2.7% of the new intra-EU movers of working age
became unemployed and completed an insufficient period of insurance, employment or
self-employment in order to be entitled to an unemployment benefit.
In most cases the period of insurance, employment or self-employment of the Member
State of last activity was aggregated with an additional period completed in the United
Kingdom and Germany. What is remarkable is that the main former Member States of
insurance, employment or self-employment are ‘immigration’ Member States.
Moreover, almost nine out of ten cases of aggregation in the EU-13 were completed
with an additional period from an EU-15 Member State. This is probably the result of
return migration. Moreover, only one out of ten cases of aggregation in the EU-15
were completed with an additional period from an EU-13 Member State.
In roughly seven out of ten cases of aggregation a period of insurance, employment or
self-employment of more than three months was already completed by the
unemployed mobile worker in the Member State of last activity. This is an indication
that only in a minority of cases new intra-EU movers of working age who became
unemployed worked for a very short period in the last Member State of activity.
1
EU-28/EFTA citizens who move to another Member State to integrate into the labour market on a long-
term or permanent basis, whether employed, self-employed or jobseeking. Within the scope of Article 61 of
Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the
coordination of social security systems (i.e. the ‘Basic Regulation’). Unemployed persons who resided in a
Member State other than the Member State of last activity (Article 65 of the Basic Regulation), i.e. frontier
workers and other cross-border workers are not covered by this term.
2
28 EU Member States, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. EU-15 Member States:
Belgium (BE), Greece (EL), Luxembourg (LU), Denmark (DK), Spain (ES), the Netherlands (NL), Germany
(DE), France (FR), Portugal (PT), Ireland (IE), Italy (IT), United Kingdom (UK), Austria (AT), Finland (FI)
and Sweden (SE). EU-13 Member States: Croatia (HR), Romania (RO), Bulgaria (BG), Poland (PL), the
Czech Republic (CZ), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Slovenia (SI), Estonia (EE), Slovakia (SK), Hungary (HU),
Cyprus (CY) and Malta (MT). EFTA countries: Iceland (IS), Liechtenstein (LT), Norway (NO) and Switzerland
(CH).
3
Within the personal scope determined by Article 2 of the Basic Regulation.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
9
INTRODUCTION
As a principle, unemployed mobile workers will claim benefits in the Member State of
last activity. In some cases a mobile worker’s period of insurance, employment or self-
employment is insufficient to be entitled to an unemployment benefit. In that case
additional periods completed by the person in a Member State other than the
competent Member State (i.e. the Member State of last activity) are required.4
For the
aggregation of periods, the competent institution where the person applied for
unemployment benefits must contact the institutions of the Member States to whose
legislation the person has also been subject in order to determine all periods
completed under their legislation. Portable Document (PD) U15
or the corresponding
Structured Electronic Document (SED) U002 certifies periods of insurance,
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in another Member State that
are to be taken into account for the award of unemployment benefits. The PD U1 is
issued to the worker, on his or her request, by the institution of the Member State
where the person completed the periods of insurance, employment or self-
employment.6
The SED U002 is issued at the request of the competent institution.
It should be noted that a mobile worker becomes subject to the legislation of a
Member State as soon as he or she starts to work there7
(leaving aside the special
case of posting8
). Hence, the aggregation rules become fully applicable from that
moment on. However, this principle is not uniformly applied by all Member States.
Some Member States (for example, Belgium, Finland and Denmark) have specifically
defined periods for the application of the aggregation principle in their national law.9
Not only the number of new intra-EU movers,10
their risk of becoming unemployed11
and the period of insurance, employment or self-employment completed by these
mobile persons in the Member State of last activity will determine the number of
PDs U1 or SEDs U002 requested by the competent Member States and issued by the
former Member States of insurance, employment or self-employment (i.e. issuing
Member States) but also the qualifying period, which varies significantly across
Member States.12
It varies from at least 4 months in France to 24 months in Slovakia.
Nevertheless, many Member States apply a qualifying period of some 12 months.
A questionnaire on the aggregation of periods for unemployment was launched in
order to obtain an idea of the size of the phenomenon.13
The questionnaire applies to
reference year 2017 and covers mobile workers who became unemployed in their
Member State of last activity and needed additional periods completed in a Member
State other than the competent Member State to be entitled to an unemployment
benefit. The questionnaire only covers unemployed recent mobile workers. However, a
4
Article 61 of the Basic Regulation.
5
See Annex III.
6
Article 54 of Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September
2009 laying down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of
social security systems (i.e. the ‘Implementing Regulation’).
7
Article 11 (3) of the Basic Regulation.
8
Article 12 of the Basic Regulation.
9
Fuchs, M. (ed.), Garcia de Cortazar, C., Kahil, B. and Pötl, M., 2015, Assessment of the impact of
amendments to the EU social security coordination rules on aggregation of periods or salaries for
unemployment benefits, FreSsco, European Commission.
10
See Fries-Tersch, E., Tugran, T., Rossi, L. and Bradley, H., 2018, 2017 annual report on intra-EU labour
mobility, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission.
11
In general, some 11% of the new EU-28/EFTA movers (= < 1 year of residence) were unemployed in
2013 (De Wispelaere, F. and Pacolet, J., 2015, Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits. Analysis
of the economic impact of the options, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission.
12
See the MISSOC tables for more detailed information.
13
See Annex II.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
10
PD U1 might also be received for outgoing frontier workers14
and other cross-border
workers15
who became unemployed (Article 65 of the Basic Regulation). In the past,
some Member States provided data on the number of PDs U1 received without
selecting the number of unemployed mobile persons (and thus not excluding ‘frontier
workers’ and ‘other cross-border workers’). It cannot be ruled out that this is still the
case in the data collection for reference year 2017.16
For instance, Bulgaria reported
that it is not possible to make a distinction between these categories of unemployed
persons.
A total of 28 Member States17
provided quantitative data, of which five Member
States18
were not able to provide a breakdown by former Member State of insurance,
employment or self-employment (i.e. the Member State which issued the PD U1) and
three other Member States19
were not able to provide a breakdown by length of
insurance, employment or self-employment in the Member State of last activity. Over
the years, more Member States were able to respond to this questionnaire. This
enables us to draw more adequate conclusions. This year, Germany has reported
figures on the number of PDs U1 received for the first time. However, data are only
available for the period May to December 2017. This implies that figures reported for
Germany are underestimated.
1. GENERAL OVERVIEW
A total of 43,901 cases of aggregation of periods for unemployment were reported by
the 28 Member States. In most of these cases the Member State of last activity was
Bulgaria (11,973) or France (7,347). Also Austria, Spain and Italy reported more than
3,000 cases of aggregation. Member States such as Malta (2 cases), Romania (33
cases) received only a minor number of PDs U1.
Table 1 as well as Annex I give an overview of the flow of aggregated cases between
competent Member States and the former Member States of insurance, employment
or self-employment. Some 6,800 cases of aggregation were reported by Bulgaria
where additional periods completed in the United Kingdom were required in order to
receive an unemployment benefit from Bulgaria. Spain also granted 1,646
unemployment benefits based on additional periods completed in the United Kingdom.
Furthermore, a high number of unemployed mobile persons residing in Slovenia and
Bulgaria needed to prove additional periods completed in Austria (1,468 cases) and
Germany (1,341 cases) respectively.
A similar number of cases of aggregation were reported by EU-15 and EU-13 Member
States. However, aggregated results for the EU-13 Member States are strongly
affected by the number of cases reported by Bulgaria, whereas figures for France had
an impact on the total number of cases reported for the EU-15 Member States.
Nonetheless, it is clear that EU-13 Member States receive a significant number of PDs
U1 as well.
14
Article 1(f) of the Basic Regulation defines frontier workers as persons who pursue their occupation in the
territory of a Member State which is different than their Member State of residence to which they return as
a rule daily or at least once a week. Frontier workers will receive their unemployment benefit from the
competent institution in their Member State of residence.
15
Other cross-border workers have the right to choose: either they remain in the Member State of last
activity and are entitled to an unemployment benefit from that Member State; or they return to the Member
State of residence and are entitled to an unemployment benefit from that Member State.
16
Member States are invited to report this during the Administrative Commission of June 2018.
17
No data available for IE, EL, IS and LI.
18
CZ, EE and IT. AT and CH provided a breakdown by Member State of birth.
19
LT, IT and UK.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
11
Data shows that in particular an additional period completed in an EU-15 Member
State was added to the short period already achieved in the Member State of last
activity (Annex I – Table A1.1).20
In some eight out of ten cases of aggregation a
period completed in the EU-15 was added. The United Kingdom is the former Member
State of insurance, employment or self-employment for unemployed mobile workers
who had to aggregate periods to be entitled to an unemployment benefit in Bulgaria,
Spain, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta and Romania. New EU Member States such as Poland,
Bulgaria and Romania never appear as one of the main former Member States of
insurance, employment or self-employment of the unemployed mobile workers in the
EU-15 who had to prove additional periods of insurance, employment or self-
employment. Finally, some three out of ten forms were exchanged across
neighbouring Member States.
20
This is the case for BE, BG, DE, ES, FR, HR, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, UK and NO. For
unemployed mobile workers living in Sweden and Denmark in many cases an additional period completed in
Norway was added to the period already completed in Sweden/Denmark.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
12
Table 1 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, 2017
Competent Member State
BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK IS LI NO CH Total
Member
State
of
previous
employment/insurance
(i.e.
Member
State
which
issued
the
PD
U1)
BE 200 1 19 57 523 0 0 0 1 4 10 0 20 20 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 863
BG 13 46 25 17 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 111
CZ 3 397 2 30 30 15 0 0 0 1 0 16 0 1 38 1 0 1 392 0 1 0 0 928
DK 1 17 4 8 19 0 0 0 43 0 2 0 1 21 3 0 0 2 5 19 1 40 186
DE 52 1341 27 357 278 37 3 4 143 12 630 0 25 324 10 2 28 113 3 6 6 15 3,416
EE 1 22 2 10 3 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 52
IE 4 246 1 14 106 119 6 1 3 152 0 43 0 0 42 0 0 0 41 0 2 19 2 801
EL 10 174 3 13 6 19 0 4 0 9 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 250
ES 123 583 17 42 271 0 0 1 35 3 11 0 3 2 19 0 2 5 8 7 5 3 1,140
FR 195 348 17 492 1 0 0 12 18 27 0 2 42 27 2 3 9 2 2 3 4 1,206
HR 3 0 118 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 1 141
IT 87 145 1 59 72 261 4 0 0 3 3 22 0 0 3 0 0 6 17 3 1 2 1 690
CY 0 574 0 1 0 0 0 19 0 6 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 609
LV 0 10 7 1 2 0 1 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 45
LT 1 3 7 4 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 7 38
LU 105 21 1 18 8 385 0 0 1 1 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 550
HU 1 2 1 80 4 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 59 0 1 4 1 164
MT 0 57 3 19 17 0 2 0 0 0 6 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 2 1 2 116
NL 326 180 4 64 84 63 0 1 1 79 3 117 0 171 6 0 0 34 3 3 5 11 1,155
AT 3 162 205 19 29 25 0 0 1 0 834 0 3 23 0 6 1,468 105 0 2 1 1 2,887
PL 30 16 1 144 23 38 0 0 1 13 1 7 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 13 27 321
PT 28 130 2 10 101 72 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 357
RO 48 15 1 54 64 23 0 0 0 0 2 25 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 1 239
SI 0 24 5 7 1 21 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 68
SK 1 47 18 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 145 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 228
FI 3 47 1 2 4 16 1 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 14 2 13 113
SE 4 107 27 8 24 16 0 0 2 46 0 6 0 1 11 1 0 0 3 58 1 46 361
UK 37 6,776 31 80 1,646 458 0 15 6 769 1 562 1 2 289 14 11 0 233 2 5 25 10,963
IS 1 11 2 0 27 9 0 0 1 18 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 1 1 1 15 94
LI 0 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
NO 2 85 105 6 31 18 0 1 1 91 0 4 0 0 28 2 0 0 10 60 60 8 0 512
CH 19 231 3 174 171 1,171 2 0 0 12 4 41 0 1 9 22 8 0 28 5 1 6 4 1,912
Unknown 329 187 3,485 3,345 3,433 2599 13,378
Total 1,101 11,973 329 231 1,252 187 3,407 7,347 97 3,345 29 25 1,479 62 2,536 2 63 3,433 1,044 114 33 1,526 1,067 160 134 102 224 2,599 43,901
EU-15 978 10,477 116 555 2,984 2,529 74 24 18 1,299 50 2,277 1 59 954 84 21 1,509 564 85 62 55 163 24,938
EU-13 101 1,167 5 514 192 135 21 4 5 59 8 214 1 3 50 4 4 17 463 9 10 32 42 3,060
EFTA 22 329 110 183 231 1,198 2 1 2 121 4 45 0 1 40 26 8 0 40 66 62 15 19 2,525
Neighbour 678 189 54 675 593 2,889 21 4 32 34 1,013 45 369 19 0 1,479 558 124 93 19 59 8,954
* DE: Data from January to April 2017 is not available. The extrapolation results in an estimated number of some 1,900 PDs U1 received in 2017.
** BG: Overestimation as unemployed frontier workers and other cross-border workers returning to Bulgaria are reported as well.
*** AT and CH: Breakdown by Member State which has issued the PD U1 is not included as both Member States provided a breakdown by citizenship.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
13
Member States were asked to provide a more detailed breakdown by the period of
insurance, employment or self-employment completed by the unemployed mobile
persons in the Member State of last activity for the reported cases of aggregation.
Approximately 17% of the reported cases were applicable to a period of insurance,
employment or self-employment of less than 30 days in the Member State of last
activity (Table 2 and Figure 1). Also, 14% of the cases were applicable to a period
between one and three months, and 69% of the cases to a period of three months or
longer. So, in seven out of ten cases of aggregation a period of insurance,
employment or self-employment of more than three months was already completed by
the unemployed mobile worker in the Member State of last activity. These figures
prove that only in a minority of cases new mobile workers who became unemployed
worked for a very short period in the last Member State of activity.
Table 2 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by length of insurance,
employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by competent
Member State, 2017
Less than 30 days More than 1
month but less
than 3 months
3 months
and more
Total for
subperiods
Total
Number Row % Number Row % Number Row % Number Number Column %
BE 114 10.4% 179 16.3% 808 73.4% 1,101 1,101 2.5%
BG 291 2.4% 1,056 8.8% 10,626 88.7% 11,973 11,973 27.3%
CZ 37 11.2% 135 41.0% 157 47.7% 329 329 0.7%
DK 181 78.4% 9 3.9% 41 17.7% 231 231 0.5%
DE 105 8.4% 203 16.2% 944 75.4% 1,252 1,252 2.9%
EE 47 25.1% 44 23.5% 96 51.3% 187 187 0.4%
IE
EL
ES 1,289 37.8% 739 21.7% 1,379 40.5% 3,407 3,407 7.8%
FR 2,809 38.2% 1,157 15.7% 3,381 46.0% 7,347 7,347 16.7%
HR 8 8.2% 7 7.2% 82 84.5% 97 97 0.2%
IT n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,345 7.6%
CY 2 6.9% 3 10.3% 24 82.8% 29 29 0.1%
LV 4 16.0% 4 16.0% 17 68.0% 25 25 0.1%
LT n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,479 3.4%
LU 0 0.0% 5 8.1% 57 91.9% 62 62 0.1%
HU 293 11.6% 512 20.2% 1,731 68.3% 2,536 2,536 5.8%
MT 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 100.0% 2 2 0.0%
NL 10 15.9% 27 42.9% 26 41.3% 63 63 0.1%
AT 421 12.3% 259 7.5% 2,753 80.2% 3,433 3,433 7.8%
PL 87 8.3% 215 20.6% 742 71.1% 1,044 1,044 2.4%
PT 16 14.0% 37 32.5% 61 53.5% 114 114 0.3%
RO 0 0.0% 10 30.3% 23 69.7% 33 33 0.1%
SI 380 24.9% 156 10.2% 990 64.9% 1,526 1,526 3.5%
SK 185 17.3% 125 11.7% 757 70.9% 1,067 1,067 2.4%
FI 12 7.5% 38 23.8% 110 68.8% 160 160 0.4%
SE 48 35.8% 37 27.6% 49 36.6% 134 134 0.3%
UK n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 102 0.2%
IS
LI
NO 94 42.2% 35 15.7% 94 42.2% 223 224 0.5%
CH 353 13.6% 302 11.6% 1,944 74.8% 2,599 2,599 5.9%
Total 6,786 17.4% 5,294 13.6% 26,894 69.0% 38,974 43,901 100.0%
EU-13 1,334 7.1% 2,267 12.0% 15,247 80.9% 18,848 20,327 46.3%
EU-15 5,005 28.9% 2,690 15.5% 9,609 55.5% 17,304 20,751 47.3%
EFTA 447 15.8% 337 11.9% 2,038 72.2% 2,822 2,823 6.4%
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
14
The distribution of the length of insurance, employment or self-employment varies
markedly between the EU-13 and the EU-15. Some 44% of the cases reported by the
EU-15 concerned a period of insurance, employment or self-employment of less than
three months compared to only 19% of the cases reported by the EU-13.
The period already completed by the unemployed mobile workers also differs across
the Member States of last activity. In most cases, the length of the period of
insurance, employment or self-employment completed in the Member State of last
activity is longer than three months. For both Belgium and Finland this will be the
result of the defined waiting periods for the application of the aggregation principle in
their national law. Only in Denmark, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, France, the
Czech Republic and Norway most of the PDs U1 were required based on a period of
insurance of less than three months. The fact that France applies a qualifying period of
only four months will have an impact on the distribution of the aggregated cases as
the number of PDs U1 needed on the basis of a period of insurance of three months or
longer in France will be lower as result of this low qualifying period.
Figure 1 Aggregation of periods for unemployment by length of insurance, employment or
self-employment in Member State of last activity, by competent Member State, 2017
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
It is also useful to determine the former Member State of insurance, employment or
self-employment (i.e. issuing Member State) whose legislation the unemployed mobile
worker has been subject to (Table 3). However, the missing data for 10 Member
States21
lead to a distorted view of reality if the number of cases are reported by the
former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment. Therefore, some
caution is required when drawing conclusions.
In most cases, the period of insurance, employment or self-employment of the
Member State of last activity was aggregated with an additional period completed in
the United Kingdom and Germany (see Table 1 – last column). Remarkably, these
former Member States of insurance, employment or self-employment are ‘immigration’
Member States. Moreover, some eight out of ten cases are aggregated with an
21
CZ, EE, IE, EL, IT, AT, UK, IS, LI and CH.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
DK
SE
ES
NL
FR
PT
FI
BE
DE
AT
LU
CZ
EE
SI
HU
LV
RO
SK
PL
CY
HR
BG
MT
NO
CH
EU-13
EU-15
EFTA
Total
EU-15 EU-13 EFTA Total
Less than 30 days More than 1 month but less than 3 months
3 months and more Total - Less than 30 days
Total - Less than 3 months
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
15
additional period from the EU-15, whereas only one out of ten cases are aggregated
with a period from the EU-13 (Table 3). Moreover, the percentage of cases aggregated
with an additional period from the EU-15 is much higher in the EU-13 compared to the
EU-15 (87% compared to 72%). This is probably the result of return migration for the
EU-13 Member States (see Box I – see section 3). 22
In that case, nationals from the
EU-13 return from an EU-15 Member State. Finally, only one out of ten cases of
aggregation in the EU-15 are completed with an additional period from an EU-13
Member State.
Table 3 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by group of Member
States, 2017
Member State of last activity (competent MS)
EU-15 EU-13 Total
Former
MS
EU-15 72.1% 86.9% 82%
EU-13 9.7% 10.1% 10%
EFTA 18.2% 3.0% 8%
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
For most former Member States of insurance, employment or self-employment a
period of longer than three months was already completed in the Member State of last
activity (Table 4 and Figure 2). This is also the case for new EU Member States such
as Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania. Moreover, the number of cases whereby a period of
more than three months was already completed in the Member State of last activity
accounts for 84% of the cases for EU former EU-13 Member States of insurance,
employment or self-employment and for 74% of the cases for former EU-15 Member
States of insurance, employment or self-employment.
22
In that respect, not only the former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment but also
the nationality of the unemployed mobile worker should be asked. Austria and Switzerland have provided a
breakdown by citizenship. Some 13% of the PDs U1 received by Switzerland refer to persons with the Swiss
nationality. Furthermore some 44% of the PDS U1 received by Austria refer to persons with the Austrian
nationality.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
16
Table 4 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, by length of insurance,
employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by former Member
State of insurance, employment or self-employment, 2017
Less than 30 days More than 1 month
but less than 3
months
3 months and more Total for
subperiods
Total
Number Row % Number Row % Number Row % Number Number Column %
BE 205 23.8% 217 25.2% 438 50.9% 860 863 2.8%
BG 22 20.4% 12 11.1% 74 68.5% 108 111 0.4%
CZ 66 7.1% 72 7.8% 789 85.1% 927 928 3.0%
DK 55 38.7% 28 19.7% 59 41.5% 142 186 0.6%
DE 366 11.2% 446 13.7% 2,455 75.1% 3,267 3,416 11.2%
EE 3 6.5% 4 8.7% 39 84.8% 46 52 0.2%
IE 57 9.0% 77 12.2% 496 78.7% 630 801 2.6%
EL 45 19.1% 18 7.6% 173 73.3% 236 250 0.8%
ES 113 10.3% 207 18.8% 780 70.9% 1,100 1,140 3.7%
FR 260 21.8% 262 22.0% 669 56.2% 1,191 1,206 4.0%
HR 7 5.0% 14 9.9% 120 85.1% 141 141 0.5%
IT 81 11.8% 80 11.7% 524 76.5% 685 690 2.3%
CY 11 1.9% 8 1.4% 571 96.8% 590 609 2.0%
LV 1 4.5% 0 0.0% 21 95.5% 22 45 0.1%
LT 7 20.6% 6 17.6% 21 61.8% 34 38 0.1%
LU 178 32.4% 82 14.9% 289 52.6% 549 550 1.8%
HU 12 7.5% 22 13.8% 126 78.8% 160 164 0.5%
MT 18 15.7% 11 9.6% 86 74.8% 115 116 0.4%
NL 140 13.1% 186 17.4% 745 69.6% 1,071 1,155 3.8%
AT 519 18.0% 382 13.2% 1,984 68.8% 2,885 2,887 9.5%
PL 19 6.4% 37 12.5% 239 81.0% 295 321 1.1%
PT 54 15.3% 35 9.9% 263 74.7% 352 357 1.2%
RO 34 14.5% 34 14.5% 167 71.1% 235 239 0.8%
SI 8 11.8% 4 5.9% 56 82.4% 68 68 0.2%
SK 16 7.0% 36 15.9% 175 77.1% 227 228 0.7%
FI 17 15.7% 14 13.0% 77 71.3% 108 113 0.4%
SE 65 20.7% 59 18.8% 190 60.5% 314 361 1.2%
UK 878 8.6% 1,126 11.0% 8,190 80.3% 10,194 10,963 35.9%
IS 27 36.0% 12 16.0% 36 48.0% 75 94 0.3%
LI 1 14.3% 1 14.3% 5 71.4% 7 7 0.0%
NO 126 30.5% 58 14.0% 229 55.4% 413 512 1.7%
CH 273 14.4% 343 18.1% 1,278 67.5% 1,894 1,912 6.3%
Total 3,684 12.7% 3,893 13.5% 21,364 73.8% 28,941 30,523 100.0%
EU-13 224 7.5% 260 8.8% 2,484 83.7% 2,968 3,060 10.0%
EU-15 3,033 12.9% 3,219 13.6% 17,332 73.5% 23,584 24,938 81.7%
EFTA 427 17.9% 414 17.3% 1,548 64.8% 2,389 2,525 8.3%
* This is an incomplete picture due to missing data for IE, EL, IS and LI as reporting Member State and
given that some Member States did not provide a (complete) breakdown by former Member State of
insurance, employment or self-employment (CZ, EE, IT, LT, AT, UK and CH).
** Total numbers differ compared to Table 2 as some Member States did not provide a breakdown by
former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
17
Figure 2 Aggregation of periods for unemployment by length of insurance, employment or
self-employment in Member State of last activity, by former Member State of
insurance, employment or self-employment, 2017
* This is an incomplete picture due to missing data for several Member States.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
2. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF PDS U1 RECEIVED
The figures reported for reference year 2017 could be compared with those provided
for previous years (Table 5). The number of cases of aggregation increased by some
6% compared to 2016.23
However, the number of PDs U1 received by EU-15 Member
States decreased by 8% while the number increased by some 31% in the EU-13
Member States. The growth rates for the EU-28 and the EU-13 are mainly affected by
Bulgaria. The number of unemployed mobile workers residing in Bulgaria who had to
prove an additional period completed in the former Member State of insurance,
employment or self-employment increased by almost 70% or some 4,900 persons
compared to 2016. Disregarding Bulgaria, the number of PDs U1 received even
decreased in 2017 compared to 2016 for both the EU-28 and the EU-13.
Compared to 2016, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Spain, Croatia, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and
Switzerland received less cases. The strongest decline is observed in Italy (-1,141
PDs U1). This in contrast to Bulgaria, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Romania,
Slovakia, Finland and Norway which received more forms.
23
Only selecting those countries which reported figures for both years.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
DK
BE
LU
FR
SE
AT
NL
ES
FI
EL
PT
DE
IT
IE
UK
LT
BG
RO
MT
SK
HU
PL
SI
EE
HR
CZ
LV
CY
IS
NO
CH
LI
EU-13
EU-15
EFTA
Total
EU-15 EU-13 EFTA Total
Less than 30 days More than 1 month but less than 3 months
3 months and more Total - Less than 30 days
Total - Less than 3 months
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
18
Table 5 Evolution of the number of PDs U1 received, 2013-2017
Number of forms received % change compared to
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2016 2013
BE 1,101 1,433 1,335 2,196 -23.2% -49.9%
BG 11,973 7,057 5,861 4,118 69.7% 190.7%
CZ 329 522 -37.0%
DK 231 122 85 54 89.3% 327.8%
DE 1,252
EE 187 234 229 174 -20.1% 7.5%
IE
EL
ES 3,407 3,538 2,871 2,471 -3.7% 37.9%
FR 7,347 7,311 7,575 8,338 0.5% -11.9%
HR 97 146 69 16 -33.6% 506.3%
IT 3,345 4,486 -25.4%
CY 29 0 10 3 866.7%
LV 25 39 23 19 19 -35.9% 31.6%
LT 1,479 1,779 1,854 1,448 370 -16.9% 299.7%
LU 62 39 27 48 59.0% 29.2%
HU 2,536 1,960 4,351 1,149 29.4% 120.7%
MT 2 9 3 8 -77.8% -75.0%
NL 63 61 32 160 3.3% -60.6%
AT 3,433 3,670 3,814 -6.5%
PL 1,044 1,788 2,945 2,660 1,517 -41.6% -31.2%
PT 114 126 105 -9.5%
RO 33 26 11 12 26.9% 175.0%
SI 1,526 1,590
SK 1,067 1,040 1,057 1,156 1,160 2.6% -8.0%
FI 160 123 205 135 30.1% 18.5%
SE 134 242 303 394 457 -44.6% -70.7%
UK 102 182 156 133 30 -44.0% 240.0%
IS 31
LI 726
NO 224 206 115 500 8.7% -55.2%
CH 2,599 2,661 1,076 1,163 1,305 -2.3% 99.2%
Total 6.3%
EU-15 -8.1%
EU-13 31.2%
EFTA -1.5%
* Total: Only selecting those countries which reported figures for both years.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods in case of unemployment benefits
In 2017, compared to 2016, Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg, Malta, Romania and Finland
received (i.e. ‘accepted) a higher percentage of PDs U1 required for a period of
insurance, employment or self-employment of more than three months (Table 6).
Results for Belgium are probably affected by the fact that since October 2016 a
waiting period of three months has been introduced before aggregating periods of
unemployment insurance. Finally, only Denmark and Hungary received much more
requests for aggregation on the basis of a period of insurance, employment or self-
employment of more than 3 months.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
19
Table 6 Evolution of the percentage of PDs U1 received for a length of insurance,
employment or self-employment of more than three months, 2013-2017
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 % change in
p.p. compared
to 2016
% change in
p.p. compared
to 2013
BE 73% 48% 48% 47% 25 p.p. 26 p.p.
BG 89% 90% 91% 96% -1 p.p. -7 p.p.
CZ 48% 49% -2 p.p.
DK 17% 34% 21% 37% -17 p.p. -19 p.p.
DE 75%
EE 51% 59% 55% 45% -8 p.p. 6 p.p.
IE
EL
ES 40% 33% 29% 30% 8 p.p. 10 p.p.
FR 46% 48% 37% -2 p.p. 9 p.p.
HR 85% 77% 84% 94% 7 p.p. -9 p.p.
IT
CY 83% 50% 100% -17 p.p.
LV 68% 41% 57% 58% 58% 27 p.p. 10 p.p.
LT
LU 92% 87% 85% 83% 5 p.p. 9 p.p.
HU 68% 85% 92% 97% -16 p.p. -29 p.p.
MT 100% 22% 100% 75% 78 p.p. 25 p.p.
NL 41% 44% 34% 67% -3 p.p. -26 p.p.
AT 80% 81% 81% -1 p.p.
PL 71% 70% 74% 72% 64% 1 p.p. 7 p.p.
PT 54% 62% 51% -8 p.p.
RO 70% 58% 55% 67% 12 p.p. 3 p.p.
SI 65% 67%
SK 71% 69% 61% 56% 63% 2 p.p. 8 p.p.
FI 69% 21% 46% 48 p.p.
SE 37% 40% 36% 44% 39% -4 p.p. -3 p.p.
UK 40%
IS 77%
LI 76%
NO 42% 44% 24% -2 p.p.
CH 75% 74% 72% 75% 97% 1 p.p. -22 p.p.
* p.p.: percentage points.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods in case of unemployment benefits
3. A RELATIVELY SMALL SHARE IN THE TOTAL
UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE AND IN INTRA-EU MOBILITY
The reported number of cases of aggregation on the basis of a PD U1 could be
compared to the total number of unemployed persons.24
In general, only 0.3% of the
unemployed persons had to rely on the principle of aggregation of periods (Table 7).25
Only in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Austria and Switzerland more than 1% of the unemployed
persons made use of the principle of aggregation of periods. A lower share of
unemployed persons in the EU-15 (0.1% of total unemployed persons in the EU-15)
24
Note that no data is available on the total number of unemployed persons who were or became
unemployed during the year. This implies a (small) overestimation of the share of the cases of aggregated
periods in the total unemployment figure.
25
However, the estimated impact might be an underestimation as the number of unemployed persons and
not the number of persons actually receiving an unemployment benefit has been used as denominator for
the calculation of this indicator. No data on the number of persons receiving an unemployment benefit are,
however, available at EU-level.
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
20
had to rely on this principle compared to unemployed persons in the EU-13 (0.8% of
total unemployed persons in the EU-13) or the EFTA (1% of total unemployed persons
in the EFTA).
Box I - Return migration in the EU
The composition of inflows to EU-28/EFTA Member States for 2016 show that in
several EU-13 Member State (LT, LV, BG, PL, HR, HU and EE), but also in Portugal and
France, nationals made up the largest group of incoming movers (only selecting
nationals and other EU/EFTA citizens – excluding third country nationals). This means
that inflows to many EU-13 Member States are largely return mobility.
Figure 3 Citizenship of migrants of working age (15-64), by receiving Member State, 2016
Source Own elaboration based on data from Eurostat [migr_imm1ctz] (2016 figures)
These cases of aggregated periods could also be compared to the annual inflow of
intra-EU mobile workers of working age.26
On average 2.7% of the mobile workers of
working age became unemployed and completed an insufficient period of insurance,
employment or self-employment to be entitled to an unemployment benefit (Table 7).
A much higher percentage of new intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers to the EU-13 (8.8%
of the total flow of intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers of working age to the EU-13 in
2017) made use of the principle of aggregation of periods compared to new intra-
EU/EFTA mobile workers to the EU-15 (1.6% of the total flow of intra-EU/EFTA mobile
workers of working age to the EU-15 in 2017) or the EFTA (2.4% of the total flow of
intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers of working age to the EFTA in 2017). This could be an
indication of return migration for the EU-13 Member States. Especially because figures
show that inflows to many EU-13 countries are nationals who return from an EU-15
Member State (see Box I).
26
Taking into consideration that most of the Member States apply a qualifying period of 12 months.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PT FR FI DK NL IT SE ES BE DE LU LT LV BG PL HR HU EE CY SK CZ LI IS CH NO
EU-15 EU-13 EFTA
Nationals EU-28/EFTA
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
21
Table 7 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, as a percentage of the
total number of unemployed persons and the total annual EU/EFTA migration inflow
of working age, 2017
Cases of
aggregation
Number of annual average unemployed
persons (2016)
Total annual inflow of EU-27/EFTA migrants
at working age (2016)
Number Number (in ,000) % cases of
aggregation
Number (in ,000) % cases of
aggregation
BE 1,101 354 0.3% 61,707 1.8%
BG 11,973 207 5.8% 7,930 151.0%
CZ 329 155 0.2% 29,300 1.1%
DK 231 172 0.1% 40,482 0.6%
DE 1,252 1,621 428,008 0.3%
EE 187 40 0.5% 9,317 2.0%
IE
EL
ES 3,407 3,917 0.1% 135,738 2.5%
FR 7,347 2,788 0.3% 170,043 4.3%
HR 97 203 0.0% 7,956 1.2%
IT 3,345 2,907 0.1% 79,736 4.2%
CY 29 47 10,120 0.3%
LV 25 85 0.0% 3,874 0.6%
LT 1,479 103 1.4% 13,323 11.1%
LU 62 16 0.4% 14,395 0.4%
HU 2,536 192 1.3% 36,611 6.9%
MT 2 8 0.0%
NL 63 438 0.0% 89,665 0.1%
AT 3,433 248 1.4%
PL 1,044 844 0.1% 90,696 1.2%
PT 114 465 0.0% 17,642 0.6%
RO 33 449 0.0%
SI 1,526 67
SK 1,067 224 0.5% 3,716 28.7%
FI 160 234 0.1% 11,598 1.4%
SE 134 358 0.0% 42,225 0.3%
UK 102 1,448 0.0%
IS 6 0.0%
LI
NO 224 116 0.2% 22,860 1.0%
CH 2,599 147 1.8% 93,875 2.8%
Total 43,901 17,859 0.3% 1,420,817 2.7%
EU-15 20,751 14,966 0.1% 1,091,239 1.6%
EU-13 20,327 2,624 0.8% 212,843 8.8%
EFTA 2,823 269 1.0% 116,735 2.4%
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods in case of unemployment benefits; Eurostat [une_nb_a]; Eurostat
data on migration [migr_imm1ctz] (2016 figures).
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
22
ANNEX I ADDITIONAL TABLES
Table A1.1 The number of aggregations of periods in case of unemployment as % of column total, 2017
Competent Member State
BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK IS LI NO CH Total
Former
Member
State
of
insurance,
employment
or
self-employment
(i.e.
Member
State
which
issued
the
PD
U1)
BE 0% 2% 0% 2% 2% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 32% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2%
BG 1% 0% 0% 4% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0%
CZ 0% 3% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 4% 1% 0% 0% 37% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2%
DK 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 3% 0% 0% 0% 3% 14% 1% 18% 0%
DE 5% 11% 12% 0% 10% 4% 38% 0% 16% 10% 19% 25% 0% 40% 31% 9% 6% 2% 11% 2% 4% 6% 7% 8%
EE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%
IE 0% 2% 0% 1% 3% 2% 6% 0% 12% 10% 0% 2% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 1% 19% 1% 2%
EL 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 5% 0% 1%
ES 11% 5% 7% 3% 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 2% 5% 0% 0% 5% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 5% 5% 5% 1% 3%
FR 18% 3% 0% 1% 14% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 29% 1% 0% 3% 4% 24% 6% 0% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 3%
HR 0% 0% 0% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0%
IT 8% 1% 0% 5% 2% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 5% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 1% 2% 0% 2%
CY 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
LV 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0%
LT 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 4% 3% 0%
LU 10% 0% 0% 1% 0% 5% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
HU 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 1% 4% 0% 0%
MT 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%
NL 30% 2% 2% 5% 2% 1% 0% 0% 4% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 16% 5% 0% 0% 3% 2% 2% 5% 5% 3%
AT 0% 1% 0% 16% 1% 0% 26% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 5% 2% 0% 18% 96% 10% 0% 1% 1% 0% 7%
PL 3% 0% 0% 12% 1% 1% 0% 0% 4% 1% 2% 0% 50% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 13% 12% 1%
PT 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 1%
RO 4% 0% 0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 4% 0% 1%
SI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 22% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
SK 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 2% 6% 0%
SE 0% 1% 12% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 8% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 36% 0% 1% 21% 1%
UK 3% 57% 13% 6% 48% 6% 0% 0% 24% 52% 2% 22% 50% 3% 28% 12% 33% 0% 22% 1% 4% 0% 11% 25%
IS 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 4% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 7% 0%
LI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
NO 0% 1% 45% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 4% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 1% 38% 45% 8% 0% 1%
CH 2% 2% 1% 14% 5% 16% 2% 0% 0% 1% 6% 2% 0% 2% 1% 19% 24% 0% 3% 3% 1% 6% 2% 4%
Unknown 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 47% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 30%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
EU-15 89% 88% 50% 44% 88% 65% 76% 72% 88% 81% 90% 50% 94% 91% 74% 64% 99% 53% 53% 46% 54% 73% 82%
EU-13 9% 10% 2% 41% 6% 3% 22% 20% 4% 13% 8% 50% 5% 5% 4% 12% 1% 43% 6% 7% 31% 19% 10%
EFTA 2% 3% 48% 15% 7% 31% 2% 8% 8% 6% 2% 0% 2% 4% 23% 24% 0% 4% 41% 46% 15% 8% 8%
Neighbour 62% 2% 23% 54% 17% 75% 22% 16% 2% 55% 40% 0% 71% 35% 17% 0% 97% 52% 78% 69% 19% 26% 29%
* Dark blue: main former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment.
** No data available for IE, EL, CY, SI and LI. CZ, EE, FR, IT, AT and CH did not provide a (complete) breakdown by former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment.
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods in case of unemployment benefits
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits
23
Table A1.2 The number of aggregations of periods in case of unemployment as % of row total, 2017
Competent Member State
BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK IS LI NO CH Total
Former
Member
State
of
insurance,
employment
or
self-employment
(i.e.
Member
State
which
issued
the
PD
U1)
BE 0% 23% 0% 0% 2% 0% 7% 61% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
BG 12% 0% 0% 0% 41% 0% 23% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2% 0% 100%
CZ 0% 43% 0% 0% 3% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 42% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
DK 1% 9% 0% 0% 2% 0% 4% 10% 0% 0% 0% 23% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 11% 2% 0% 0% 1% 3% 10% 1% 0% 22% 0% 100%
DE 2% 39% 0% 1% 0% 0% 10% 8% 1% 0% 0% 4% 0% 18% 0% 1% 0% 9% 0% 0% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
EE 2% 42% 0% 0% 4% 0% 19% 6% 0% 0% 4% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
IE 0% 31% 0% 0% 2% 0% 13% 15% 1% 0% 0% 19% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%
EL 4% 70% 0% 1% 5% 0% 2% 8% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%
ES 11% 51% 0% 1% 4% 0% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
FR 16% 29% 0% 0% 1% 0% 41% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
HR 2% 0% 0% 0% 84% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 100%
IT 13% 21% 0% 0% 9% 0% 10% 38% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
CY 0% 94% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
LV 0% 22% 0% 0% 16% 0% 2% 4% 0% 0% 0% 42% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 9% 0% 2% 0% 100%
LT 3% 8% 0% 0% 18% 0% 11% 21% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 3% 11% 0% 18% 0% 100%
LU 19% 4% 0% 0% 3% 0% 1% 70% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
HU 1% 1% 0% 1% 49% 0% 2% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 36% 0% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 100%
MT 0% 49% 0% 0% 3% 0% 16% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 3% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 0% 100%
NL 28% 16% 0% 0% 6% 0% 7% 5% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0% 15% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 100%
AT 0% 6% 0% 0% 7% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 51% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
PL 9% 5% 0% 0% 45% 0% 7% 12% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 4% 0% 8% 0% 100%
PT 8% 36% 0% 1% 3% 0% 28% 20% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 100%
RO 20% 6% 0% 0% 23% 0% 27% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%
SI 0% 35% 0% 0% 7% 0% 10% 1% 31% 0% 0% 0% 1% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
SK 0% 21% 0% 0% 8% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 64% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
FI 3% 42% 0% 1% 2% 0% 4% 14% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 12% 2% 0% 12% 0% 100%
SE 1% 30% 0% 7% 2% 0% 7% 4% 0% 0% 1% 13% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 16% 0% 0% 0% 13% 0% 100%
UK 0% 62% 0% 0% 1% 0% 15% 4% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
IS 1% 12% 0% 2% 0% 0% 29% 10% 0% 0% 1% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 16% 0% 100%
LI 0% 29% 0% 0% 43% 0% 29% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
NO 0% 17% 0% 21% 1% 0% 6% 4% 0% 0% 0% 18% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 2% 12% 12% 2% 0% 0% 0% 100%
CH 1% 12% 0% 0% 9% 0% 9% 61% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Unknown 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 26% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 26% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 19% 100%
Total 3% 27% 1% 1% 3% 0% 8% 17% 0% 8% 0% 3% 0% 6% 0% 0% 8% 2% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 6% 100%
* This is an incomplete picture due to missing data for IE, EL, CY, SI and LI as reporting Member State and given that some Member States did not
provide a (complete) breakdown by former Member State of insurance, employment or self-employment (CZ, EE, FR, IT, AT and CH).
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods in case of unemployment benefits
ANNEX II PD U1 QUESTIONNAIRE
Number of mobile EU workers (excluding former cross-
border workers) who became unemployed in the reference
year (2015) and received unemployment benefits in your
country on the basis of periods completed in another
Member State
Length of previous insurance, employment or self-
employment completed by those workers in your
country before their application for unemployment
benefits
Total
Less than one
month (30 days)
More than one
month (30
days), but less
than three
months (90
days)
Three months
or more (90
days or more)
Member
States
of
origin
(i.e.
the
member
state
which
issued
the
PDU1)
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovak Republic
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway
Switzerland
Total
ANNEX III PORTABLE DOCUMENT U1
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