Praktik og procedurer i forbindelse med den årlige session i Minsk fra 5. til 9. juli 2017

AS (17) DRS 1 E
Original: English
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Ms. Margareta Cederfelt
Sweden
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
Rapporteur: Ms. Margareta Cederfelt (Sweden)
1. Noting with concern the ongoing security challenges throughout the OSCE area,
including cybersecurity threats, terrorism and violent extremism, the destabilization of
Ukraine, the situation in Turkey, protracted conflicts, and a generally deteriorating
climate of trust, confidence and co-operation,
2. Stressing the need to make full use of the OSCE’s toolbox to strengthen confidence-
building measures, reduce the risk of conflict and promote long-term, comprehensive
security, including through gender mainstreaming and enhancing women’s political,
social, and economic empowerment in armed conflict and disaster settings,
3. Welcoming the adoption of a number of key Decisions at the 2016 OSCE Ministerial
Council in Hamburg, in particular on the OSCE’s Role in the Governance of Large
Movements of Migrants and Refugees and OSCE Efforts Related to Reducing the Risks
of Conflict Stemming from the Use of Information and Communication Technologies, as
well as the Ministerial Statement on the Negotiations on the Transdniestrian Settlement
Process in the “5+2” Format and the Ministerial Declaration on OSCE Assistance
Projects in the Field of Small Arms and Light Weapons and Stockpiles of Conventional
Ammunition,
4. Further welcoming the priorities for the Austrian 2017 OSCE Chairmanship to reduce
threats by defusing existing conflicts, combating radicalization and violent extremism,
and re-establishing trust and confidence,
5. Recalling the international commitments of OSCE participating States to reduce the risk
of conflict, pursue dialogue and promote the peaceful settlement of disputes, notably
obligations found in the UN Charter and the Helsinki Final Act on refraining from the
threat or use of force, respecting the inviolability of frontiers and the territorial integrity
of States, and principles of non-intervention in internal affairs,
6. Concerned over troop and artillery movements and military build-ups that have taken
place in the OSCE area over the past year,
7. Noting with concern the deteriorating security situation in Afghanistan, which is taking
a heavy toll on the population and providing new opportunities for extremist groups,
8. Noting that transfers of major weapons systems globally have reached their highest
volume since the end of the Cold War and that four of the top five global arms exporters
– the United States, the Russian Federation, France and Germany – are OSCE
participating States,
9. Noting with concern the renewal of hostilities in the South Caucasus, notably the recent
violations of the ceasefire on the Line of Contact in the territories around Nagorno-
2
Karabakh, and the ongoing ceasefire violations in the Donbas region of Ukraine, which
have lead to heavy losses of human lives, including civilians,
10. Condemning the 15 July coup attempt in Turkey, and expressing solidarity with Turkey
and its people in the aftermath of the attempted seizure of power,
11. Noting with concern the deteriorating political situation in the Western Balkans,
12. Stressing that corruption is a serious threat to peace,
13. Regretting the failure of the international community to resolve the civil war in Syria,
now in its seventh year; a conflict that has caused untold human suffering and contributed
to the worst refugee crisis seen in Europe since the Second World War,
14. Expressing concern about the humanitarian situation of the internally displaced persons
and refugees in the OSCE area,
15. Regretting the breakdown in nuclear security and nuclear weapons reduction agreements
between the United States and the Russian Federation, including the Plutonium
Disposition and Management Agreement, the New START Treaty, and the Intermediate-
Range Nuclear Forces Treaty,
16. Welcoming the launch of negotiations at UN headquarters in New York between 123
countries this spring to establish an international ban against the possession, use, threat
of use, acquisition, stockpiling, or deployment of nuclear weapons,
17. Welcoming the appointment in September 2016 of an OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
Special Representative on Mediation, serving as the primary point of contact within the
PA on mediation and the conflict cycle and liaising with other international organizations
dealing with mediation issues,
18. Welcoming the participation of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan at the Winter Meeting on
23-24 February 2017 in Vienna,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
19. Urges participating States to recommit to multilateral diplomacy in the pursuit of
comprehensive security and to implement OSCE confidence-building measures, as
appropriate, to resolve existing conflicts and reduce the risks of future conflicts;
20. Calls on participating States in the Western Balkans to engage in constructive dialogue
to defuse political tensions and refrain from belligerent rhetoric that could lead to a
deterioration in inter-ethnic and inter-state relations;
21. Deplores the loss of life caused by terrorist attacks, and calls for renewed commitment
among OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation to strengthen efforts to
counter radicalization and violent extremism, develop measures aimed at blocking the
funding of terrorist organizations, and prevent terrorists from carrying out their crimes,
including by improving legal frameworks and law enforcement methods, strengthening
3
the security of international transportation, and by tracking the movements of terrorists
within countries and across borders;
22. Endorses the conclusions of the Parliamentary Conference on Combating International
Terrorism, jointly organized by the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth
of Independent States and the OSCE PA in St. Petersburg on 28 March 2017;
23. Calls on Turkey to uphold its OSCE commitments and make use of the OSCE toolbox in
the fight against both internal and external threats;
24. Urges that measures be taken to enhance cybersecurity between States, to prevent tension
and conflicts stemming from the use of information and communication technologies,
and to protect critical infrastructure from cyber threats, including by strengthening the
implementation of the OSCE’s confidence-building measures in the area of cybersecurity
and facilitating co-operation among the competent national bodies and law enforcement
agencies;
25. Calls for an end to military hostilities in Ukraine, the full withdrawal of heavy caliber
weaponry by both sides, and full access to the OSCE’s Special Monitoring Mission and
humanitarian aid organizations;
26. Condemns numerous serious incidents of pressure, harassment and intimidation of the
SMM monitors combined with the cases of deliberate destruction of the OSCE assets
taking place in certain areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions controlled by the
Russian hybrid forces, and urges the Russian Federation to take practical measures to
ensure the necessary security conditions for the SMM, which will prevent further
escalation of the situation;
27. Calls upon the Russian Federation as an occupying power in the Crimean Peninsula to
remove any restrictions or other impediments that affect the freedom of movement of the
Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine and prevent its monitors from fulfilling their
mandate;
28. Reiterates support for the Package of Measures for the implementation of the Minsk
Agreements, adopted and signed on 12 February 2015 in Minsk by all signatories who
also signed the Minsk Protocol of 5 September 2014, and the Memorandum of 19
September 2014, as well as the relevant OSCE PA resolutions addressing the crisis in and
around Ukraine;
29. Underlines respect for the principles of the inviolability of frontiers and territorial
integrity, peaceful settlement of disputes, equal rights, and self-determination of peoples
as stated in the Helsinki Final Act, and calls on the Russian Federation to restrain its
aggressive practices and reverse its annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea;
30. Regrets the lack of progress towards the comprehensive settlement of the Nagorno-
Karabakh conflict, and calls on all parties to return to the negotiation table to avoid further
military confrontation and de-escalate the situation;
31. Reaffirms full support for a comprehensive, just and viable solution to the Transdniestrian
conflict based on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova,
4
with a special status for the Transdniestrian region, and encourages further steps to ensure
stability and transparency, and decrease the military presence in the conflict region,
including by completing the withdrawal of the Russian Federation forces and munitions
from the territory of the Republic of Moldova;
32. Urges the full implementation of the EU-brokered Six-Point Ceasefire Agreement of 12
August 2008, which ended the conflicts in Abkhazia, Georgia and Tskhinvali
region/South Ossetia, Georgia, as well as the free access of humanitarian aid to Abkhazia,
Georgia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia;
33. Calls on all countries to participate in UN negotiations on nuclear disarmament and to
pursue the adoption of nuclear risk reduction, transparency and disarmament measures;
34. Reaffirms support for the 2004 OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gender Equality,
and encourages participating States to promote effective measures that provide
comprehensive security guarantees and humanitarian relief for women, including those
living in conflict areas, at all stages of the conflict cycle in accordance with UN Security
Council resolutions 1325 and 1820;
35. Calls on parliamentarians as elected by the people to take the lead and act to eliminate
corruption, in that corruption affects all parts of society, undermines public trust and
confidence in government institutions, and hinders societies’ efforts to become self-
reliant;
36. Urges the OSCE to continue developing its toolbox to counter emerging threats, including
by considering a revision of its consensus-based decision-making procedure, reinforcing
its early warning and early action mechanisms, developing its legal personality, and
pursuing external co-operation with partners;
37. Reiterates the unique role of the Parliamentary Assembly within the OSCE in building
relationships based on constructive dialogue, trust and mutual respect between all OSCE
countries.
5
GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
PROPOSED AMENDMENT to the DRAFT RESOLUTION
on
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation for Peace
and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
[Set out text of Amendment here:]
Principal Sponsor:
Mr/Mrs
Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature
Co-sponsored by:
Mr/Mrs
Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature


AS (17) RP 1 E
Original: English
REPORT
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Ms. Margareta Cederfelt
Sweden
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
REPORT FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE
ON POLITICAL AFFAIRS AND SECURITY
Rapporteur: Ms. Margareta Cederfelt (Sweden)
Introduction
The OSCE area is undergoing many significant changes, ranging from social and economic
advances to emerging security threats and political upheaval. Most of the citizens throughout
the OSCE area live in general peace and prosperity, yet, ongoing crises are challenging OSCE
values and contributing to rising insecurity. Many throughout the OSCE region are impacted
directly by conflicts and violent extremism. The three priorities of the Austrian Chairmanship
– defusing existing conflicts, fighting radicalization and violent extremism, and re-establishing
trust and confidence – are useful and appropriate guidelines in addressing current threats and
challenges.
Now more than ever it is a crucial time to uphold OSCE commitments and further strengthen
the OSCE’s role as the primary forum for transatlantic and Eurasian dialogue, however, trust
between participating States needs to be regained to move the OSCE’s agenda forward. The
OSCE Ministerial Council last December in Hamburg reached consensus on several key issues
but clearly gridlock in the Organization remains. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly should
harness its unique abilities to support the OSCE and the participating States in tackling the
threats at hand. Inter-parliamentary dialogue will be essential to strengthening dialogue and the
political will to bring about a comprehensive diplomatic solution to conflicts.
This report will touch upon six main points: cybersecurity, terrorism, Turkey, women in
peacebuilding, the Russian aggression against Ukraine, and protracted conflicts.
Cybersecurity
The OSCE plays an important role in enhancing cybersecurity and Information
Communication Technologies (ICT) security. Cybersecurity is becoming an increasingly
central facet of the national security strategy of participating States in the OSCE area, which
includes cyber warfare, encryption, military cyber capacity, hacking and financial terrorism.
Participating States should make full use of the OSCE toolbox, including the Conflict
Prevention Center, the Forum for Security Co-operation and field operations, to work together
in reducing the risks of conflict stemming from cyber-attacks. Confidence-building measures
(CBMs) are key to making cyberspace more predictable and more manageable, considering
that cyber warfare is a serious threat to world peace in the 21st
century. Governments are
investing considerable resources in offensive and defensive information communication
technologies to guarantee their own safety or to target third States. Disruptive tactics have been
on the rise in recent months – ranging from hacking email accounts or servers to spreading
disinformation in social media with the goal of influencing an election. The risks are real and,
therefore, consultations over potential cyber incidents and dialogue among OSCE participating
States are a cornerstone to de-escalate tensions.
Recent hacking attacks conducted against some OSCE participating States – and even the
OSCE itself – are disruptive and underline the necessity to act. More effective rules and
increased co-operation and dialogue with governments, non-state actors, and other
2
international organizations can prevent further incidents. The operationalization of pertinent
UN guidance by groups of governmental experts on the regional level is a key concern in that
regard.
Terrorism
The OSCE and its Partners for Co-operation continue to face an increasing threat to domestic
security posed by terrorist attacks, such as mass shootings, suicide bombings, and other mass
killing tactics. We strongly condemn such inhuman practices and deplore the loss of life caused
by these horrific attacks. The radicalization of primarily young people and their subsequent
recruitment to the cause of terrorism is problematic for participating States and needs to be
thoroughly addressed. OSCE countries need to counter the financing of radical groups, their
recruitment strategies, and the threat posed by returning fighters to Europe with the help of the
OSCE anti-terrorism activities.
The fight against terrorism is further complicated by the refugee and migrant crisis. While it is
important to not politicize the issue or put the blame of a few individuals on a whole group of
people, the matter remains a security issue for the OSCE area. Governments have a duty to
protect their citizens and conduct more effective border controls and asylum procedures while
upholding OSCE principles. More importantly, however, participating States should focus on
resolving the conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, notably the bloody civil wars in
Syria and Libya, which have led to this situation.
We encourage the OSCE participating States to take all necessary measures to support ongoing
conflict resolution initiatives, while fully upholding OSCE commitments and to prevent youth
from joining extremist groups. Dialogue and prevention are key to achieve this, and
parliamentarians should support national and international initiatives countering violent
extremism. Toward that end, the “Parliamentary Conference on Combatting International
Terrorism”, which was jointly organized by the OSCE PA and the Interparliamentary
Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States in St Petersburg on 28 March, was an
important initiative promoting co-operation and dialogue in the search for common ground.
Turkey
The security situation in Turkey has been highlighted as a concern by a number of participating
States. The coup attempt on 15 July 2016, terrorist attacks that have killed many innocent
people, and the December 2016 assassination of the Russian Ambassador in Ankara underline
the high level of the threat that the country is facing. Turkey is also hosting up to three million
refugees – more than any other country in the world. While we condemn last summer’s coup
attempt and support efforts to counter violent extremism, Turkey should uphold its OSCE
commitments and make use of the OSCE toolbox in the fight against both internal and external
threats. The alarmingly high number of journalists and parliamentarians imprisoned in Turkey
underlines the need to respect freedom of expression, fundamental rights and human rights in
the fight against terrorism.
Women in Peacebuilding
Enhancing women’s political, social, and economic empowerment in armed conflict and
disaster settings is a priority for the OSCE’s work in implementing UN Security Council
resolution 1325 along with participating States. Achieving long-term stability and security is
3
an inclusive process that requires greater involvement of women in decision-making as well as
conflict mediation and dialogue. The OSCE’s role in peacebuilding is an ideal platform to push
for gender equality and mainstreaming at all stages of conflict resolution. The OSCE PA can
lead the way here and push for more women’s participation in parliamentary diplomacy; so far
only 27 per cent of delegates are women, and some delegations have no women at all in their
ranks. The OSCE PA Special Representative on Gender Issues, Dr. Hedy Fry, is doing
exemplary work in the field of gender equality and contributes greatly to the empowerment of
women in peacebuilding.
Enhancing the participation of women in conflict resolution and peace-building efforts is
important to achieve security and stability. The Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine
is working to change the perception of women’s roles in Ukraine, which still emphasizes the
traditional role of women as caregivers instead of focusing on their contributions to
peacebuilding efforts through dialogue. The OSCE must further support efforts in gender
mainstreaming. In times of crisis women often see their rights undermined; this trend needs to
be reversed, and their participation at all levels of peacebuilding is essential for the peaceful
resolution of conflicts not only in the OSCE area, but on an international scale.
At the Tbilisi Annual Session in 2016, OSCE participating States were encouraged to develop
and implement gender-responsive policies, programmes, and services to address the specific
needs and priorities of women and girl refugees and migrants. An OSCE-wide action plan to
better include women in the response to the refugee and migrant crisis is an important step
towards peace and security.
The Russian Aggression Against Ukraine
The Austrian Chairmanship’s priority of re-establishing trust and confidence is key for the
OSCE’s crisis and conflict management. The crisis in and around Ukraine, spurred by Russian
aggression, can only be resolved through constructive and inclusive dialogue. Participating
States should refrain from using unilateral decision-making and violence in order to change the
status quo. The Russian Federation’s annexation of Crimea and the conflict in the Donbas
region have breached the Helsinki Final Act principles and undermine the territorial integrity
of Ukraine. In that regard, the OSCE PA has been clear that the annexation of the Crimean
Peninsula by the Russian Federation was illegal and illegitimate. The implementation of all the
provisions of the Minsk II agreement of 11 February 2015 by all sides remains the key for a
comprehensive peace agreement in the Donbas. The withdrawal of heavy weapons and foreign
fighters from the contact line, unlimited access for OSCE monitors, and the restoration of
Ukrainian control over its eastern border are essential to de-escalate and resolve the crisis. We
condemn the recent killing of an American SMM observer and call all parties to allow
unhindered and secured access to the observers along the Line of Contact. The Minsk
Agreement remains the best path forward for Ukraine and the region, and despite setbacks, the
goals set forth in these agreements are still achievable.
4
Protracted Conflicts
The 2016 April clashes in the territories around Nagorno-Karabakh, which represented the
most serious escalation since 1994, and the numerous recent violations of the ceasefire on the
Line of Contact are cause for concern. The OSCE, through the work of the Minsk Group and
the Personal Representative of the Chairperson-in-Office on the conflict dealt with by the
Minsk Conference, Ambassador Andrezj Kaspryzk, should utilize the full potential of conflict
resolution mechanisms, including the Parliamentary Assembly, to stabilize the situation and
work towards a comprehensive peace agreement. We regret the lack of progress towards the
settlement of the conflict. A return to the negotiation table by all parties is needed to avoid
further military confrontation and de-escalate the situation. Participating States should refrain
from using unilateral decision-making and violence that would hinder diplomatic negotiations
and dialogue initiatives.
We welcome the Ministerial Statement on the negotiations on the Transdniestrian settlement
process in the “5+2” format adopted in December 2016 in Hamburg, and we support the results-
oriented approach promoted by the international partners under the German Chairmanship in
2016 and continued by the Austrian Chairmanship in 2017. Achieving results in practical areas
is key to creating a positive dynamic for broader negotiations while improving the living
conditions of the people on both banks of the Dniester/Nistru River. It remains essential to
reach a comprehensive, peaceful and sustainable settlement of this conflict based on the
sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova. Parliamentarians have a key
role to play in reaching a long-lasting settlement. We encourage the resumption of formal
contacts between the legislative bodies on both sides, without preconditions and in good faith,
to ensure political support for the solutions identified in the talks.
The OSCE PA needs to strengthen its political involvement to address the consequences of the
August 2008 conflict between the Russian Federation and the territory of Georgia. Russia
should implement the EU-brokered Six-Point Ceasefire Agreement of 12 August 2008 which
ended the conflicts in Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia and refrain from using
and withdraw its military forces in order to create conditions for a peaceful resolution of the
conflict. Parliamentary diplomacy should enhance confidence-building between both sides and
create an atmosphere of co-operation and mutual trust. However, we reject the holding of
parliamentary elections in Abkhazia and the approval of a military deal between South Ossetia
and the Russian Federation. Unilateral decisions such as holding Presidential elections in South
Ossetia and changing the name of the region, as well as the opening of a Russian Embassy in
Abkhazia, undermine the peace process on the territory of Georgia.
Conclusion
The current challenges facing the OSCE area require constructive dialogue and deeper co-
operation. Confidence-building measures and mediation among participating States are key to
avoid further escalation, be it on cyber security issues, the fight against terrorism, protracted
conflicts or the crisis in and around Ukraine. The OSCE therefore needs to effectively utilize
all its tools to counter the emerging threats and guarantee an atmosphere of mutual respect, co-
operation and trust between participating States. The consensus-based decision-making process
of the OSCE has its merits, but has at times been an obstacle to timely action.
5
The OSCE’s action depends entirely on the political will of participating States, but if this
prevents the Organization from living up to its commitments in line with the Helsinki Final Act
Decalogue, we should engage in a serious discussion about reforms within the OSCE. The lack
of legal personality of the OSCE – although considered by some participating States as
essential for flexibility and increased legitimacy – has resulted in a serious challenge for the
Organization on both an operational and political level. Uncertainties over field presences,
diminished liability, and political deadlock are a threat to the future relevance of the OSCE. In
the South Caucasus and the Western Balkans, where we have noted with concern a
deterioration of the political situation, the work of field missions is more important than ever.
The unique role of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, including through open debate and
inter-parliamentary dialogue, will be key to rebuild relationships based on trust and mutual
respect between OSCE countries. We as elected parliamentarians, representing the people,
need to lead the way and inspire our governments to take the necessary steps to guarantee the
effective survival of the OSCE as the main regional security organization in the area spanning
Vancouver to Vladivostok.


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OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling
Til:
Dato:
Delegationens medlemmer
3. maj 2017
Praktik og procedurer i forbindelse med den årlige session i Minsk fra 5.
til 9. juli 2017
Hermed omdeles Practical and Procedural Information samt udkast til rapporter
og resolutionstekster fra forsamlingens tre komitéer til brug for OSCE’s
Parlamentariske Forsamlings (OSCE PA) årlige session i Minsk den 5. - 9. juli
2017.
Som det fremgår af papiret, er der en række krav og tidsfrister, som I skal over-
holde, hvis I ønsker at fremsætte ændringsforslag eller forslag til
supplerende resolutioner (”Supplementary Items”). Jeg har opsummeret krav
og tidsfrister i nedenstående skema. Underskiftsskemaer til brug for eventuelle
ændringsforslag bliver omdelt så snart de modtages fra OSCE PA sekretariatet.
Forslag Krav Frist for modtagelse i
Folketingets sekretariat
Frist for modtagelse i
OSCE PA´s sekretariat
Forslag til supplerende
resolutionsudkast
(supplementary items)
Skal som minimum være
underskrevet af 20 med-
lemmer af OSCE PA fra
mindst 4 forskellige lande.
I kan maksimalt under-
skrive 4.
Tirsdag den 30. maj 2017 Onsdag den 31. maj 2017
Kompromisforslag til sup-
plerende resolutionsud-
kast (compromise draft
resolutions)
Skal som minimum være
underskrevet af forslags-
stillerne og af 10 af under-
skriverne på de supple-
rende resolutionsudkast
Tirsdag den 20. juni 2017 Onsdag den 21. juni 2017
Ændringsforslag til rap-
portørernes resolutions-
udkast (amendments to
draft resolutions)
Skal som minimum være
underskrevet af 5 med-
lemmer af OSCA PA fra
mindst 2 forskellige lande
Tirsdag den 20. juni 2017 Onsdag den 21. juni 2017
Ændringsforslag til sup-
plerende resolutionsud-
kast (amendments to
supplementary items)
Skal som minimum være
underskrevet af 5 med-
lemmer af OSCA PA fra
mindst 2 forskellige lande
Tirsdag den 27. juni 2017 Onsdag den 28. juni 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
2/2
Delegationssekretariatet vil koordinere og videreformidle forslag til OSCE PA’s Interna-
tionale Sekretariat. Af praktiske hensyn vil den interne tidsfrist for aflevering af forslag til
delegationens sekretariat være tirsdagen inden de tidspunkter, hvor OSCE PA´s Inter-
nationale Sekretariat skal have dem i hænde.
Forslag til supplerende resolutioner og ændringsforslag fordeles alene elektronisk. Er-
faringerne fra tidligere år viser, at i tiden frem til de anførte tidsfrister kan I forvente et
stort antal henvendelser fra diverse forslagsstillere med anmodning om støtte fra den
danske delegation.
Såfremt I selv ønsker at fremsætte forslag, anbefales det at være ude i god tid før udlø-
bet af tidsfristerne. Maj - juni er typisk en travl tid i de fleste parlamenter, og det kan
derfor være forbundet med visse praktiske problemer at få indsamlet det nødvendige
antal underskrifter. Så sig til i god tid.
Samtidig vil jeg også bemærke, at der maksimalt kan behandles 15 supplementary items
på sessionen i Minsk. Hvis flere end 15 supplementary items har fået det fornødne antal
underskrifter, vil Standing Committee med et flertal på 2/3 beslutte, hvilke supplemen-
tary items, der skal behandles.
Reglerne for valg til posterne i forsamlingen er desuden beskrevet i de vedlagte infor-
mationer, ligesom det fremgår, hvilke poster der er på valg.
I Minsk skal der således vælges:
 1 Præsident
 3 vicepræsidenter
 1 kasserer
 Formand, næstformand og rapportør for hver af de tre komitéer
Med venlig hilsen
Eva Esmarch,
delegationssekretær


AS (17) RP 3 E
Original: English
REPORT
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND
HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Mr. Kyriakos Hadjiyianni
Cyprus
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
REPORT FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE
ON DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS
AND HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
Rapporteur: Mr. Kyriakos Hadjiyianni (Cyprus)
I. The Human Foundation of Security
The OSCE region is witnessing a period of tension and insecurity unlike any since the Cold
War. In recent years new violent conflicts have erupted and longstanding ones have reignited.
Enduring rivalries and persistent mistrust bubble under the surface of many societies, raising
fears of renewed civil conflicts on the horizon. A yawning gap of legitimacy between peoples
and their institutions adds to a popular sense of dislocation and disorientation. External factors,
particularly imported radical ideologies and the influx of refugees and non-European migrants,
exacerbate feelings of insecurity and perceptions of crisis.
It is tempting for leaders to respond to such a moment in history by moving aggressively to
assert control over their societies, borders, and institutions. This approach “securitizes”
challenges; that is, it regards societal tensions, real or perceived injustices, and demonstrations
of dissent or difference as veneers for threats to stability. As a result, it prescribes narrow,
security-minded responses aimed at suppressing or squelching these phenomena.
In a time like ours, the Helsinki Final Act speaks to us with reinvigorated relevance of time-
tested and hard-earned truths, namely “the universal significance of human rights and
fundamental freedoms, respect for which is an essential factor for the peace, justice, and well-
being necessary to ensure the development of friendly relations and co-operation…” Rather
than a secondary or tertiary matter relating to internal and international peace, our founding
mandate proclaims human rights as “essential” to these concerns.
This report aims to underscore the centrality of the human dimension to regional security and
propose ways of reinforcing this keystone of our regional architecture at a time when it
threatens to crumble without due care.
II. Strengthening Space for Human Dimension Debate in the OSCE
Before addressing specific human dimension commitments, it is important to take stock of the
space the OSCE provides for openly discussing these commitments. In this context,
participating States must recall the consensus document issued in Moscow in 1991 that “the
commitments undertaken in the field of the human dimension of the CSCE are matters of direct
and legitimate concern to all participating States and do not belong exclusively to the internal
affairs of the State concerned.” This commitment is foundational and must be upheld in its
fullness in order for the OSCE to remain relevant and effective. Efforts to undermine this
principle constitute attacks on the core mission of the organization itself.
Regrettably, in recent years some participating States have acted to impede such open
discussion of the human dimension, often invoking national sovereignty or security as
justification. The Moscow Document could not be clearer in dismissing the legitimacy of such
objections. Participating States must confront three primary tactics deployed in recent years to
2
undermine human dimension discussions: first, the tactical obstruction of consensus on the
details or content of human dimension events with the aim of extracting concessions that
constrain debate of human rights issues; second, efforts to hinder the participation of civil
society by providing insufficient notice of the dates or agenda for relevant meetings or by
imposing onerous registration requirements; third, constraining space for legitimate human
rights discussion by filling speakers lists with state-sponsored, pseudo-civil society
organizations, or packing event agendas with extraneous topics. This brief list is by no means
exhaustive. Participating States must remain vigilant regarding the introduction of new tactics
and objections that thinly disguise efforts to undermine the OSCE’s work in the human
dimension.
III. Reinforcing the Institutional Foundations of Respect for Rights
Just as the OSCE must have a solid foundation for discussing human dimension commitments,
participating States must have strong institutions in place to guarantee fundamental freedoms
to their peoples. In this context, it is important to recall the consensus declaration in Ljubljana
in 2005 “recognizing that full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the
development of societies based on pluralistic democracy and the rule of law is a prerequisite
for achieving a lasting peace, security, justice and stability.” In practice, however, pluralistic
democracy and the rule of law are often the first victims of efforts to tackle real or perceived
threats to national security.
Properly understood, the rule of law is a central pillar of a stable government and resilient
regional order. It fosters security and stability by creating predictable and equitable processes
for administering justice and addressing inequality. While there are many causes of security
challenges and instability beyond injustice and inequality, disregard for the rule of law can
undermine the legitimacy of popular institutions, generate new grievances, and compound
security concerns.
As security concerns are routinely invoked to justify restrictions on human rights and the rule
of law, it is instructive to reflect on what the OSCE has said about these topics in the context
of the most extreme security situations: states of emergency. In this most extreme of examples,
the OSCE recognizes the possible justification for extraordinary measures but explicitly
delimits the boundaries of such efforts.
The Moscow Document of 1991 provides crucial guidance in this regard:
“A state of public emergency may not be used to subvert the democratic constitutional order,
nor aim at the destruction of internationally recognized human rights and fundamental
freedoms.” Furthermore, it “will not remain in force longer than is strictly required by the
exigencies of the situation.” The document goes on to say that “participating States will
endeavor to ensure that the legal guarantees necessary to uphold the rule of law will remain in
force during a state of public emergency” and that States will “take no measures aimed at
barring journalists from the legitimate exercise of their profession other than those strictly
required by the exigencies of the situation.” Finally, “when a state of public emergency is
declared or lifted in a participating State, the State concerned will immediately inform the
CSCE Institution of this decision, as well as of any derogation made from the State’s
international human rights obligations.”
3
In commenting on the right of participating States to derogate from international human rights
commitments, the Copenhagen Document of 1990 stresses that “no exceptional circumstances
whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political stability or any other
public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.”
In a time of heightened security tensions, participating States ought to further renew their
commitment to principles in the Moscow Document, and elsewhere, concerning oversight of
military, security, and intelligence services. Participating States committed in Moscow to, inter
alia, “ensure that their military and paramilitary forces, internal security and intelligence
services, and the police are subject to the effective direction and control of the appropriate civil
authorities.” The document also commits participating States to “take appropriate steps to
create, wherever they do not already exist, and maintain effective arrangements for legislative
supervision of all such forces, services, and activities.” Such safeguards are vital to ensuring
that States emerge from times of crisis in positions of strength, with their institutions and rule
of law intact.
IV. Emphasizing Key Human Dimension Commitments
The OSCE must make every effort to not only insist upon, but further invigorate, its
commitment to the human dimension, particularly in the following areas that have special
bearing on the future security and stability of the OSCE region: freedom of expression, freedom
of thought, conscience, religion, or belief, and the rights of especially vulnerable populations.
No stable society can be established on a foundation of coerced belief or prejudiced access to
information. For this reason, freedom of expression and freedom of the media are crucial to
international security. These freedoms can mitigate the threat of miscommunication and
misperception that often serve as catalysts for conflict. Furthermore, the free flow of
information forges relationships and networks that are engines of human creativity, generating
new ideas for everything from groundbreaking technology to political reform. Dissenting views
must be able to be expressed and disseminated to ensure the accountability of governments to
their people, both for their actions domestically and overseas. Additionally, participating States
should respect freedom of the media and not intentionally propagate misleading or false
information in the form of propaganda.
In the same vein, the freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief should not be abridged.
Religious groups in several participating States are treated as threats to national security and
individuals belonging to them are harassed under the pretext of “anti-terrorism” laws. Without
doubt, crimes stemming from violent religious extremism should be prosecuted as such, but
religious affiliation itself should never serve as grounds for criminal charges.
Freedom of conscience—the right to freely and peacefully live according to one’s most deeply
held beliefs—must be respected in all instances. Human rights are threatened where groups or
individuals are persecuted for managing their businesses, organizations, and personal affairs
according to the dictates of their conscience.
Participating States bear the responsibility to ensure that the human rights and fundamental
freedoms of vulnerable individuals are upheld, and that they enjoy effective access to means
of redress and advocacy. Ensuring the human rights of vulnerable individuals, particularly in
crisis situations, can help avoid situations of even greater crisis. In this context, political
4
prisoners, migrants, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and persons with disabilities deserve
particular mention.
In accordance with the clear commitments contained within Principle VII of the Helsinki Final
Act, OSCE participating States must release all political prisoners and cease harassment of
individuals and organizations peacefully exercising their fundamental freedoms. In addition,
no one should be disappeared while in prison, and participating States should ensure full access
for international and domestic monitoring of prison conditions.
The lifting of immunity, detention and imprisonment of parliamentarians, as a result of thinly
guised political motivations, is a cause for concern. The Parliamentary Assembly should be
afforded the possibility to show its solidarity towards other elected parliamentarians across the
OSCE area that are victims of political persecution.
At the same time, while we acknowledge that there are no specific OSCE commitments
requiring the abolition of the death penalty, in the Vienna Document and in the 1990 Document
of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the OSCE,
participating States agreed that the death penalty could be imposed only for the most serious
crimes and only in line with international commitments, while they agreed to consider the
potential abolition of the death penalty, to exchange information toward that end, and to make
information on the use of the death penalty available to the public. Considering that the death
penalty fails to deter criminal behaviour and renders any miscarriage of justice which is
inevitable in any legal system, irreversible, the Parliamentary Assembly urges participating
States to abolish it while it considers that debates for its reintroduction in States where it has
already been abolished, are a step backwards.
The OSCE must bear in mind how the violation of human rights engenders conflict and how
these fundamental rights are routinely trampled in the course of hostilities, thus further
begetting suffering and violence. Since the outbreak of war so often stems from the
infringement of human dimension commitments, any OSCE effort to resolve existing violent
conflicts and pre-empt new ones from emerging must incorporate a focus on the human
dimension. Such a focus could play a role in averting future crises or mitigating their effects,
such as the mass migration of refugees.
The OSCE expresses concern over the unresolved situation of internally displaced persons
(IDPs) scattered over a number of its participating States. According to the Council of Europe
PACE estimates, in early 2014 some 2.5 to 2.8 million Europeans were internally displaced in
11 of the 47 member states of the CoE: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Cyprus, Georgia, Moldova, Russian Federation, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Serbia and Turkey. According to a PACE Recommendation of 2009, the vast majority of
displaced persons were forced to leave their homes “some 15 to 35 years ago as a result of
armed conflicts or human rights violations, and are living in situations of protracted
displacement”. In addition, as a result of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, as of June 2016
there were nearly 1.8 million IDPs registered in Ukraine. The OSCE calls on governments to
seek durable solutions for the return, local integration or integration elsewhere in the home
countries of displaced persons and to guarantee the protection of their rights under the
provisions of relevant Council of Europe instruments and in line with the 1998 United Nations
Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.
5
The fight against terrorism is an unfortunate reality of modern times, but the adaptations that
we have to undertake for security purposes cannot come at the expense of the human rights that
we have fought so hard to protect. The rights of all citizens must be maintained when combating
terrorism, but we should pay appropriate respect to the rights of those most directly impacted:
the victims of terrorism. The casualties of terrorism should be able to expect recognition and
support from their governments.
With regard to migrants, participating States must improve efforts to register, notify family
members, and keep track of vulnerable refugee and migrant children in order to prevent
exploitation by traffickers. Unaccompanied refugee and migrant children who survived the
journey to the OSCE region are falling prey to human traffickers luring and coercing victims
outside asylum accommodations, in camps, and on the street. Europol reports that more than
10,000 unaccompanied minors are missing. Forced prostitution and sexual assault of children
has been reported in some camps, temporary shelters, and registration centers, many of which
lack sleeping quarters for women and children that can be locked from the inside; separate,
well-lit, guarded bathroom facilities designated for women and children only; and female
interpreters, guards, and social workers whom the women and children can approach with
reports of trafficking.
In accordance with the 2013 Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in
Human Beings, participating States should educate the public on how to report suspected
trafficking of refugee and migrant children in their communities; prioritize prosecution of
human traffickers and their accomplices; ensure that all child victims of trafficking are
provided with access to justice and remedies; and co-operate with the law enforcement of other
participating Sates to prevent sexual exploitation of vulnerable refugees and migrants,
especially children.
Within these migration flows are refugees fleeing targeted violence in their home countries.
Indeed, genocide is being committed on the borders of the OSCE region, and history warns of
the perils to collective security of ignoring genocidal actors and activity. A co-ordinated OSCE
approach to migration must make special provision for especially vulnerable populations that
have been targeted for extermination.
The current migration and refugee crisis reminds the significance of the rights of persons
belonging to national minorities. It is acknowledged that persons belonging to national
minorities should be able to establish and maintain free and peaceful contacts across States’
borders and to develop cultural and economic links. When, however, States seek an enhanced
role with regard to the political or religious leadership of minorities outside their jurisdictions,
inter-state tensions rise. It is evident that engaging with minorities cannot concern issues which
undermine OSCE principles or negatively impact democracy, the rule of law, etc.
The OSCE must additionally make every effort to ensure that human and civil rights are applied
equally to people with disabilities. Individuals with disabilities must be encouraged to engage
in political life through accessible political information. Individuals with disabilities must be
supported in exercising their right to vote through accessible polling stations and means of
transportation to vote. The views of people with disabilities must be included in all levels of
governance. In addition, the OSCE should encourage political parties to include in their party
platforms positions on the equal dignity and equal rights of people with disabilities.
6
V. Drawing on OSCE Resources
There are several concrete measures that participating States can take to reaffirm the integral
nature of the human dimension to the OSCE’s concept of comprehensive security.
First, the OSCE must ensure that field missions have mandates that address all three dimensions
of the OSCE and are adequately resourced. Specifically, participating States should expend
every possible effort to facilitate the prompt re-establishment of field missions that are
currently closed and renew the mandate of existing missions, where necessary.
Secondly, participating States should reinvigorate the Moscow Mechanism as a vital OSCE
asset in the service of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including by ensuring that an
adequate number of experts are nominated.
Third, participating States should closely examine and make every effort, in co-operation with
national legislatures, to implement the recommendations made by the OSCE pursuant to OSCE
election monitoring missions. OSCE recommendations are oriented toward building the
popular legitimacy of governments and public trust in their governing institutions, two key
pillars of domestic stability.
Fourth, the OSCE should place greater focus on the human dimension-related roots of conflict,
especially in the Middle East region, in order to work towards a more sustainable and stable
future for all states. Specifically, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly should establish a Special
Representative for the Middle East to enhance the OSCE’s ability to anticipate security
challenges and political upheaval along the territorial and maritime periphery of the OSCE
region that could have direct consequences for participating States. The current situations in
Syria and Lebanon are eloquent examples of why such a post is necessary. Middle East security
issues, particularly as they impact migrant flows and terrorism, are central to the future stability
of the OSCE region. As a result, the OSCE must develop the ability to proactively address
these challenges rather than responding reactively. The OSCE PA should consider further
expanding this regional special representative construct to other parts of the world with
significant linkages to the OSCE region.
For over four decades, the OSCE has championed its singular concept of “comprehensive
security” that is grounded in overlapping co-operation in the political, military, economic,
democratic, and human rights arenas. This vision was decisive in charting a way out of the
Cold War, and it remains a lodestar for our present historical moment. The rule of law, robust
debate, free flow of information, and protection for the most vulnerable will make our societies
more resilient in the face of foreign and domestic challenges. We must work urgently to
preserve the OSCE as a space where such a vision can gain strength and help shape our
collective future.


AS (17) DRS 3 E
Original: English
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND
HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Mr. Kyriakos Hadjiyianni
Cyprus
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS
AND HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
Rapporteur: Mr. Kyriakos Hadjiyianni (Cyprus)
1. Reaffirming the concept of comprehensive security enshrined in the Helsinki Final Act’s
Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations Between Participating States that includes
commitments to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,
2. Recalling the Moscow Document (1991) that affirms that human dimension
commitments are of “direct and legitimate concern to all participating States and do not
belong exclusively to the internal affairs of the State concerned”,
3. Noting that human dimension commitments continue to be violated in many OSCE
participating States and that some seek to justify such violations as necessary to preserve
national security,
4. Observing that the failure of participating States to fulfill their human dimension
commitments contributes significantly to the deterioration of public trust in institutions
and thus to political instability,
5. Deeply regretting the continued failure of the OSCE Ministerial Council to agree to any
human dimension decisions in recent years,
6. Concerned that OSCE field mission mandates are often held hostage to political interests
instead of being negotiated in the spirit of pursuing deeper respect for human rights and
democratic principles,
7. Recalling the consensus view of participating States in Copenhagen in 1990 that
democracy is inherent to the rule of law, and reaffirming the minimum standards for
democracy enumerated in that document,
8. Underscoring the consensus declaration in Ljubljana in 2005 that recognizes pluralistic
democracy and the rule of law as prerequisites for peace, security, justice, and stability,
9. Pointing out that states of emergency and the interference with rights in these contexts
must be strictly necessary, proportionate, and temporary without derogation from core
international commitments, particularly prohibition against torture,
10. Stressing that governments should provide appropriate support to those most directly
impacted by terrorism, namely the victims of attacks,
11. Recalling the Maastricht 2003 OSCE Strategy to Address Threats to Security and
Stability, which stated that the mobility of migrant populations and the emergence of
2
societies with many coexisting cultures in all parts of the OSCE region present growing
opportunities as well as challenges, and that the failure to integrate societies and the
failure also by those who reside in them to respect the rights of all can undermine stability,
12. Reminding the participating States that in the Moscow Document of 1991, they
committed to ensuring civilian control and promoting legislative oversight over their
military, paramilitary, security, and intelligence services,
13. Recalling the 2009 Resolution on a Moratorium on the Death Penalty and Towards Its
Abolition, and noting that in view of the fallibility of human justice, recourse to the death
penalty inevitably carries a risk that innocent people may be killed,
14. Expressing deep concern that refugee and migrant women and children are falling prey
to forced prostitution, sexual assault, and other forms of exploitation and violations of
freedom of religion, and that inadequate facilities and staff at camps, temporary shelters,
and registration centers are contributing to the vulnerability of these populations,
15. Expressing concern over the unresolved situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs)
scattered over a number of its participating States,
16. Observing that instability in the Middle East and North Africa requires the sustained
attention of participating States and the application of the concept of comprehensive
security to achieve lasting peace, freedom, and security,
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
17. Calls on OSCE participating States to respect the human dignity and equal rights of all
their citizens by implementing to the fullest extent all OSCE commitments concerning
human rights, fundamental freedoms, pluralistic democracy, and the rule of law;
18. Expresses their concern over recent and flagrant manifestations of intolerance, aggressive
nationalism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, and racism, and stresses the vital role οf
tolerance, understanding, and co-οperation in the achievement and preservation of stable
democratic societies;
19. Encourages participating States to reinvigorate human dimension discussions within the
OSCE by agreeing to meeting agendas and dates in a timely and transparent fashion and
by avoiding restrictions on civil society participation and the inclusion of state-sponsored
non-governmental organizations;
20. Reiterates the need for participating States to preserve the rule of law, democratic
institutions, prohibitions against torture, and civilian oversight of military, paramilitary,
security, and intelligence services in the course of addressing national security threats;
21. Calls upon participating States applying the death penalty to declare an immediate
moratorium on executions, and urges all countries to reconfirm that they will never apply
3
this inhuman and degrading punishment, and notes with concern debates on its
reintroduction in a number of participating States where it has been abolished;
22. Calls on participating States, where applicable, to cease immediately the harassment,
imprisonment, mistreatment, and disappearance of political opposition, human rights
defenders, journalists, and other members of civil society;
23. Urges participating States to guarantee full access for domestic and international monitors
to review prison conditions;
24. Expresses solidarity with Parliamentarians who are detained or imprisoned, and declares
willingness to observe their conditions of detention or imprisonment, including through
in situ visits;
25. Underlines that freedom of expression, including political satire or ideas deemed as
shocking or offensive, must be fully observed in line with international obligations of
participating States;
26. Deplores attempts by some governments to suppress dissent and to control public
communications through such measures as: repressive rules regarding the establishment
and operation of media outlets and/or websites; interference in the operations of public
and private media outlets, politically-motivated prosecutions of journalists; unduly
restrictive laws on what content may not be disseminated; technical controls over digital
technologies such as blocking, filtering, jamming and closing down digital spaces;
27. Calls upon all participating States to grant unimpeded access to international human
rights monitoring mechanisms and missions, including in particular to areas under the
military control of participating States or of their proxies;
28. Calls on the OSCE Ministerial Council to agree to multi-year field mission mandates that
guarantee their ability to carry out meaningful work in the human dimension;
29. Urges the OSCE Ministerial Council to expend every possible effort to facilitate the
prompt re-establishment of field missions that are currently closed and renew the mandate
of existing missions, where necessary;
30. Implores participating States to provide accommodation for refugees and migrants that
include sleeping quarters for women and children that can be locked from the inside;
separate, well-lit, guarded bathroom facilities designated for women and children only;
and female interpreters, guards, and social workers whom the women and children can
approach with reports of trafficking;
31. Calls on participating States to seek durable solutions for the safe and voluntary return,
local integration or integration elsewhere in the home countries of displaced persons and
to guarantee the protection of their rights under the provisions of relevant OSCE and
Council of Europe instruments and in line with the 1998 United Nations Guiding
Principles on Internal Displacement;
4
32. Reiterates that, even in cases of military occupation of the territory of a participating State
by another participating State, which constitutes a blatant violation of international law,
the human rights of the persons in such territories must be respected in accordance with
relevant international instruments and OSCE human rights commitments;
33. Stresses the need for participating States to educate their publics on how to report
suspected trafficking of refugee and migrant children in their communities; prioritize
prosecution of human traffickers and their accomplices; ensure that all child victims of
trafficking are provided with access to justice and remedies; and co-operate with the law
enforcement of other participating Sates to prevent sexual exploitation of vulnerable
refugees and migrants, especially children, per the 2013 Addendum to the OSCE Action
Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings;
34. Urges participating States to officially recognize that extremist groups on the borders of
the OSCE and Mediterranean region are targeting religious and ethnic minorities for
genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, and that these atrocity crimes are
contributing to refugee flows into the OSCE region;
35. Calls on participating States to consider the vulnerability of such religious and ethnic
minorities in addition to other vulnerability criteria, such as age and gender, in prioritizing
the delivery of aid to - or resettlement of - refugees, internally displaced persons, and
migrants;
36. Calls for enhanced co-operation among participating States in preventing and combating
the organized looting, smuggling, theft, and illicit trafficking of cultural objects and their
restoration to their countries of origin;
37. Invites all participating States to ensure the human and civil rights of persons with
disabilities and encourage their political participation by taking the necessary measures
to make information, facilities, and fora accessible to individuals with disabilities;
38. Encourages participating States to employ the Moscow Mechanism and strengthen it by
ensuring that an adequate number of experts are nominated;
39. Stresses the importance of timely and open invitations to monitor election proceedings,
and calls on Governments of OSCE participating States to provide all appropriate support
and information to observation missions deployed by the OSCE;
40. Recognizes the particular contribution that parliamentary observers bring to election
observation, given their expertise in the electoral field, and public accountability;
41. Urges participating States to work, in co-operation with their national legislatures, to
implement the recommendations of OSCE election observation missions and referendum
observation missions and regularly brief the Assembly on their progress in this regard;
42. Recognizes that a more active role in referenda must be assumed by the OSCE PA itself;
5
43. Reiterates that the rights of persons belonging to national minorities must be observed,
while underlining that participating States which engage with minorities outside their
jurisdiction, including through political campaigning, must strictly observe OSCE
principles in this conduct;
44. Reiterates that the OSCE’s role in monitoring implementation of agreements between
participating States regarding human rights commitments within the scope of its mandate
can be further enhanced;
45. Emphasizes that the failure to address security challenges in the Middle East and North
Africa through the lens of comprehensive security, with particular concern for the human
dimension, will lead to continued instability on the borders of the OSCE and spillover of
migration flows and destabilizing trends;
46. Invites the OSCE Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation to seek greater engagement
with OSCE institutions, particularly the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human
Rights, to benefit from their expertise in developing political institutions and processes
and guaranteeing human and civil rights for all;
47. Encourages the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly to appoint a Special Representative for
the Middle East and possibly other regions that have a bearing on the security and stability
of participating States, to serve as an early warning mechanism for possible sources of
conflict and instability;
48. Calls on participating States to take decisive action for the implementation of the
provisions and/or principles included in the current as well as the previous relevant
resolutions.
6
GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN QUESTIONS
PROPOSED AMENDMENT to the DRAFT RESOLUTION
on
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation for Peace
and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
[Set out text of Amendment here:]
Principal Sponsor:
Mr/Mrs Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature
Co-sponsored by:
Mr/Mrs Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature


AS (17) DRS 2 E
Original: English
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Ms. Marietta Tidei
Italy
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
DRAFT RESOLUTION
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ECONOMIC AFFAIRS,
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Rapporteur: Ms. Marietta Tidei (Italy)
1. Supporting the OSCE’s concept of common, comprehensive and indivisible security,
which encompasses the politico-military, the human, and the economic and
environmental dimensions,
2. Recognizing that the economic and environmental dimension provides a solid basis
for mutually beneficial co-operation among OSCE participating States,
3. Recalling that in the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, participating States recognized that
“efforts to develop co-operation in the fields of trade, industry, science and
technology, the environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to the
reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the world as a whole”,
4. Noting the OSCE Ministerial Council decision No 4/16 on “Strengthening good
governance and promoting connectivity” adopted at the 23rd
OSCE Ministerial
Council in Hamburg, Germany, which in particular welcomed “the fact that almost all
participating States have ratified or acceded to the United Nations Convention against
Corruption (UNCAC) and are working towards fulfilling the commitments deriving
from the Convention”,
5. Welcoming the results of the 2015 United Nations Paris Climate Change Conference
(COP21) which concluded with the adoption of the Paris Agreement, marking a
significant step in the global climate effort, establishing a new framework combining
“nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) with new multilateral mechanisms
aimed at ensuring transparency and accountability and promoting greater ambition
over time,
6. Noting that the COP22 Marrakesh Conference in November 2016 was an important
transitional moment, pivoting from the years of negotiation that produced the Paris
Agreement to a new phase focused on implementation,
7. Expressing concern about the United States Presidential Administration’s executive
order in March to ease restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions in the United States,
which represents a significant step backward in efforts to combat global warming,
8. Recognizing that good governance, transparency and accountability are key elements
for economic growth, trade, investment and sustainable development, thereby
contributing to stability, security and respect for human rights in the OSCE area,
9. Welcoming the Austrian OSCE Chairmanship’s objectives of “greening the
economy” which aims to support the implementation of the UN Sustainable
Development Goals by all participating States,
2
10. Welcoming preparation by the the Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic and
Environmental Activities (OCEEA) of the 2nd Preparatory Meeting of the 25th OSCE
Economic and Environmental Forum, which will be held 14-16 June in Astana,
Kazakhstan, under the theme “Green Economy as catalyst for sustainable
development, security and stability,”
11. Recognizing that corruption and money laundering are potential sources of political
tension that undermine the stability and security of participating States, contributing
to global threats such as terrorism and transnational organized crime,
12. Welcoming the opportunity provided by Expo 2017, being held in Astana,
Kazakhstan, under the theme “Energy of the Future”, which highlights the vital
subjects of alternative energy sources,
13. Recognizing that water is essential for life and that a suitable supply of high-quality
water is a prerequisite for economic and social progress,
14. Welcoming the efforts of the Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic and
Environmental Activities (OCEEA) in support of participating States’ endeavours to
promote good water governance and strengthen transboundary water co-operation in
the South Caucasus, Central Asia and Eastern Europe,
15. Recalling the Athens Ministerial Council Decision no. 05/09 on migration
management, which underscored “the importance of mainstreaming migration
policies into economic, social, environmental, development and security strategies
and addressing migration management through co-operative, comprehensive and
cross-dimensional approaches”,
16. Concerned by the size and direction of migration flows within, from and into the
OSCE area which have been magnified, diversified, and accelerated,
17. Recognizing the OSCE commitments in addressing legal and orderly migration,
protection of migrants’ personal and social welfare, attention to recruitment practices
as well as the equality of rights between migrant workers and nationals regarding
conditions of employment and social security,
18. Reaffirming the Astana Declaration of 2008 and the Oslo Declaration of 2010 and
their resolutions on cyber crime and cyber security, which recognize that cyber
attacks against vital state and commercial infrastructure are equivalent in nature to
those of a conventional act of aggression,
19. Expressing concern about the amendments to the education legislation in Hungary
affecting Central European University, which risks undermining academic freedom,
inhibiting research and development, and impeding scientific advancement,
3
The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly:
20. Calls on OSCE participating States to redouble their efforts in thorough consideration
of issues relating to the economic and environmental dimension in line with
commitments set forth in the Helsinki Final Act and the 2010 Astana Commemorative
Declaration;
21. Underlines that economic growth and environmental sustainability are not mutually
exclusive and that domestic economic policies should prioritize clean energy projects,
investment and innovation to promote sustained growth and ensure that negative
effects on the environment are minimized;
22. Stresses the high potential of “green economic growth” as a major driving force for
sustainable development, utilization of renewable energy sources and advantages for
ecological health, low operating costs and safety to the environment and for
supporting the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals by all
participating States,
23. Urges all OSCE participating States to recognize the urgency of the climate crisis and
its related challenges, including migration, and to implement policies on the
international, national and subnational levels to move rapidly into a low-carbon
economy, as well as take steps to mitigate the effects of climate change already taking
place;
24. Calls on all participating States to ratify the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change,
to fulfill their obligations under the agreement, and to strengthen their Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions with the goal of bringing greenhouse gas
emissions to a safer level and ensure that global temperatures do not exceed the target
of 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, as called for in Paris;
25. Recommends that OSCE participating States consider options for implementing a
carbon tax or fee on heavily polluting industries;
26. Reaffirms the need for fighting corruption, tax evasion, financial crime, money
laundering and the financing of terrorism;
27. Calls on OSCE participating States and the Partners for Co-operation to enhance the
level of co-operation among law enforcement agencies and other relevant institutions
in combating corruption, money laundering, the financing of terrorism and other
financial crime;
28. Recommends that leaders of the OSCE area adopt a coherent, co-ordinated response
to migration based on the principles of international co-operation that are at the heart
of the OSCE’s comprehensive approach to security, to prioritize search and rescue
operations in the Mediterranean Sea, implement effective screening and integration,
and combat the criminal networks exploiting the refugee and migrant crisis;
4
29. Emphasizes the need for industrialized nations to assist lesser-developed countries in
tackling climate change and to promote global economic development, ensure food
and water security, fight poverty and hunger, and address wealth disparity in order to
cultivate long-term solutions to the challenge of migration;
30. Stresses that government responses to arrivals of refugees and migrants must respect
each individual’s right to live in dignity and security, taking into account the special
needs of women and girls, and promoting education and economic empowerment for
women;
31. Encourages the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental
Activities to assist participating States in developing effective labour migration
policies aimed at promoting a comprehensive and positive approach to migration
management;
32. Calls on all participating States to ensure selection and recruitment of foreign
workforce in countries of origin and its placement in countries of destination;
33. Calls on the participating States to refrain from behaviours which can negatively
affect scientific freedom, and encourages the participating States to remain committed
to protecting and guaranteeing academic independence in line with the core values
and principles of the Organization.
5
GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
PROPOSED AMENDMENT to the DRAFT RESOLUTION
on
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation for Peace
and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
[Set out text of Amendment here:]
Principal Sponsor:
Mr/Mrs
Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature
Co-sponsored by:
Mr/Mrs
Family Name in
Capital Letters
Country Signature


AS (17) RP 2 E
Original: English
REPORT
FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE ON
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT
Enhancing Mutual Trust and Co-operation
for Peace and Prosperity in the OSCE Region
RAPPORTEUR
Ms. Marietta Tidei
Italy
MINSK, 5 – 9 JULY 2017
OSCEs Parlamentariske Forsamling 2016-17
OSCE Alm.del Bilag 19
Offentligt
1
REPORT FOR THE GENERAL COMMITTEE
ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Rapporteur: Ms. Marietta Tidei (Italy)
Introduction
Two phenomena unfolding worldwide have topped the international agenda for the last few
years: climate change and migration. It is evident that these are neither emergencies nor
transitory problems; they are structural issues for which the international community is
required to provide strong and credible responses going forward.
This report examines these two major issues, the consequences of which impact every sector
of our nations’ economic and civil life.
Climate Change
At the COP 21 Paris Climate Change Conference, held between 30 November and 12
December 2015, solemn promises were made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions sufficient
to contain global warming to within 2°C of temperatures prior to the industrial age. All
nations undertook to commit themselves to drawing up policies that comply with these goals.
Alongside this objective, another major commitment was made: industrialized nations
undertook to make an economic effort and fund environmental policies in the South of the
world, to a decidedly significant sum. The figure mentioned was a total of USD 100 billion,
starting from 2020. This commitment went beyond cash funds to include transfers of
knowledge, technology, patents and know-how.
Paris was also a major step forward compared with the Kyoto Protocol in another way: all of
the world’s nations were called upon to become responsible for policies to combat climate
change, applying a principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. It featured a
strong appeal to so-called emerging economies, first and foremost China, concerning the risks
that climate change entails for humanity.
The COP22 Marrakesh Conference on 7-18 November 2016 was intended to draw up
guidelines for action in order to meet the Paris objectives. Although the impetus of Paris was
characterized as “irreversible”, unfortunately the final declaration of the conference in Africa
included very little that qualified as operational. The most commonly used verb in the final
text was not “do” but “ask”. Patience and determination are required, starting with an
awareness that industrial nations must make a greater effort, even if this does not exempt
others. The need for more-recently industrialized nations to follow their own independent
paths must be respected, while at the same time a way must be found to orient their
development in a direction compatible with the environment.
Green Growth
We must wait and see what attitude the new US administration adopts on this particularly
delicate topic. While the world moves towards “green”, environmentally-sound technological
development and growth, the US government’s decision to cancel the Clean Power Plan – the
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significance of which cannot be ignored – is hardly encouraging. The risk is that
environmental restrictions become less stringent and that we will witness a return to the use
of coal, which is highly polluting. Research into new sources of energy, including by private
enterprise, must take into consideration the fact that the future does not necessarily belong to
fossil fuels and nuclear energy; that the well-being of the human community can be
effectively ensured if research is oriented towards clean sources of energy.
At the Davos World Economic Forum in January, 13 major powers, transport and industrial
corporations launched the Hydrogen Council, the first global initiative to support hydrogen.
Europe too is committed to playing its part. A hardly-insignificant portion of the European
Horizon 2020 programme pledges the disbursement of €5.4 billion annually.
According to the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) Energy Outlook, by 2040 the
world will be investing the huge sum of USD 3.4 trillion solely in the development of solar
energy. The “Revolution…Now: The Future Arrives for Five Clean Energy Technologies”
Report by the US Department of Energy (DOE) calculates that savings from clean energy
could reach US $50 trillion.
It should further be noted that one of the planning objectives of the Austrian Chairmanship of
the OSCE is summed up in the expression, “greening the economy”. Development of
renewables which have a reduced environmental impact dovetails with policies for protecting
the environment and energy security. The International Expo in Kazakhstan, which runs until
the end of November, focuses on energy and will give a strong fillip to energy-related issues.
It is to be hoped that this major event offers a further boost to research and co-operation in
this arena.
Energy and the Environment
Energy and the environment are closely interlinked, as is clear from a series of actions that
the OSCE is pursuing in regions like Siberia and Central Asia, in part as a way of preventing
conflicts. Transnational water basins are the most significant sphere in which this new form
of co-operation is unfolding. The OSCE area’s most important water basins span the
territories of multiple States. The OSCE has consequently started up major cross-border co-
operation programmes to manage water networks in Central Asia and Siberia, oriented above
all towards prevention and environmental risk management through early warning systems.
This includes Lake Baikal, which until recently was one of the world’s purest water reserves,
but has begun to show evident signs of pollution. OSCE co-operation is being undertaken to
avoid irreparable disasters such as the ones that befell the Caspian and Aral Seas to protect
Lake Baikal and its complex hydrological and environmental system.
Migration
Major migrations from the world’s South to its North is a phenomenon underway today that
is of great concern to public opinion in our countries. This phenomenon has many causes and
many consequences.
The United Nations Refugee Agency reports that 65.3 million people were forced to flee their
home country in 2016. Of these, approximately 21.3 million are refugees, over half of whom
are less than eighteen years of age. Every day, conflict or persecution forces roughly 34,000
3
people to leave their homes. Around 1 in 113 of the world’s population of some 7 billion is
either an asylum seeker, internally displaced, or a refugee. This alarming fact should prompt
us – especially those of us with public responsibilities – to come up with rational rather than
emotional reactions.
It is common knowledge that it is not war alone that has set these millions of people on the
move. For some, it is impossible to continue living in their own country because of the
progressive degradation of their environment. The number of so-called “environmental
refugees” is worryingly on the rise.
The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) forecasts that by 2060, 50 million
people will have fled Africa as “climate migrants”; the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR) expects between 200 and 250 million climate refugees in 2050.
The outlook is extremely grave, making a complicated situation even tougher. We absolutely
cannot ignore policy and projects to manage and protect the environment. Above all, the very
survival of the human race depends upon protecting the environment.
We cannot ignore the effects that damage to the environment will have on demographics and,
as a result, on our nations’ economy and society.
Development and Wealth Disparity
Another cause of migration is the major disparity in the levels of development and wealth
between the world’s North and South. Parts of the planet still suffer food, water and energy
supply problems, drought and famine. The world population is approximately 6.7 billion,
with around 1.4 billion people living on less than USD 1 a day; 850 million human beings
suffer from hunger (of whom approximately 820 million are in developing nations according
to UN figures).
Despite the improvements about which experts talk, enormous disparities remain regarding
development and living conditions between North and South – disparities that are as
intolerable ethically as they are in terms of managing political and social processes. Around
82% of the world’s 7 billion people live in non-OSCE nations, which have a per capita
average GDP of approximately USD 5,000.
One point three billion people have no access to electricity (roughly half in Africa, half in the
Far East). Two point six billion people use biomass to cook, risking serious damage to their
health. The World Health Organization condemns the fact that around 4.3 million people die
as a result of domestic pollution from using coal or biomass-fuelled stoves. Roughly 85-90
per cent of the world’s energy resources are located in these countries. This vast potential for
developing countries has unfortunately remained at a theoretical level. On the contrary, less
than 20 per cent of the world’s population lives in OSCE nations, which have an average per
capita GDP equal to seven times the GDP of non-OSCE nations, despite the fact that they
possess just 10-15 per cent of world resources.
It is currently estimated that around 13% of the world’s population – as many as 790 million
people – live below the poverty line and struggle with serious malnutrition problems. Almost
half of this poverty is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa.
4
It is hardly surprising that this is where the majority of the flow of people that has generated
today’s migration crisis comes from.
All of these problems are interlinked, and all of them require political solutions to adopt an
over-arching approach. This kind of approach must be rooted in personal dignity: it is every
person’s right to live their life in dignity and security.
Refugees and Migrants
Bearing this in mind, we should perhaps rethink the distinction that normally is made in
public debate between “refugees” and “economic migrants”. As is commonly known, the
Geneva Convention – a Convention that deserves to be defended – applies solely to
“refugees”. We must nevertheless act out of the principle that every person deserves to be
rescued. Every person deserves to be helped. Every person deserves to be welcomed, and
every person deserves to be integrated.
In Italy, multiple players work together in the integration process for immigrants: the
Ministry of the Interior, the umbrella organization for Italy’s municipalities, and associations
that work in immigrant integration. This system, known as SPRAR (the Asylum and
Refugee-Seeker Protection System) works proactively to integrate 26,000 immigrants.
In Italy, non-EU foreigners make up 8 per cent of the population and generate 8 per cent of
Italy’s Gross Domestic Product, that is to say around €100 billion. Italy’s welfare entity
calculates that foreigners cover pension payments to around 640,000 Italians.
The lesson is that if it is supported by bold, integration-led policy, immigration can generate
wealth and opportunity; it can be a problem-solver rather than a problem-creator. As the
OSCE Parliamentary Assembly has pointed out on many occasions, immigration and
mobility are actually an enormous opportunity for economic growth and development.
Globalization
It would seem that the first time the word “globalization” was used was in a 1961 article in
The Economist about the need for reforms in Spain. Today, the word arouses a sense of
apprehension; it has taken on a predominantly negative connotation. In effect, economics
based on financial flows and speculative bubbles has shown all of its limitations. The rules
that accompanied the economic globalization process were adopted (and subsequently
updated) at the so-called “Uruguay Round” of talks, which began in 1986 and ended in 1994.
These negotiations continued over some years, leading to the foundation of the World Trade
Organization (WTO) and new rules for international economy and finance. These rules
conclusively broke down the borders of international trade, increasingly sapping the strength
of a protectionist approach to economics based on tariffs and impediments to the free
circulation of merchandise and capital.
It is impossible to ignore the fact that the idea of protecting national output and jobs has been
gaining more and more ground among the public before it was adopted by politicians. We
must acknowledge that this has gathered momentum in a country that we all consider to be a
beacon of freedom and democracy, and a friendly nation to boot: the United States of
America. Blame for the inability to harness globalization must fall on all players in politics
and in the realm of economics and finance.
5
Major world institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which
were established to support economies in difficulty – and continue to undertake this task with
skill and courage – are perceived negatively by citizens in many nations. Think of the
annoyance that the so-called “Washington Consensus” – a framework of economic and
administrative directives designed not as principles for interfering in a country’s internal
affairs but to foster growth and development – has aroused in public opinion and sensibilities.
One factor acting against growth and development is corruption, against which we must
strive and take a stand. Corruption impoverishes society and prevents the fair distribution of
wealth. The OSCE is involved in a number of anti-corruption training drives, under the
imprimatur of the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). Efforts are directed towards
identifying a best-practice approach from which all nations may draw inspiration. The OSCE
is leading significant initiatives against corruption at regional and sub-regional level in
Central Asia and Mongolia, Ukraine, the Western Balkans, Moldova and Russia. This issue
also encompasses money-laundering and intercepting criminal financial flows towards so-
called tax havens. To prevent and combat these criminal financial processes requires political
will and shared measures. It requires clear and effective legislation; it also requires agencies
specialized in fighting corruption that work with both national governments and the private
investment sector.
International decisions on economic issues must restore people, their needs, and their
interests to the heart of matters once more. It is not a question of policy that penalizes the
markets but of policy that harnesses the role played by markets to serve economic and civil
growth. It is only through growth that we may foster hope; it is only through hope that we
may have faith in others, and without faith in others, progress is impossible.
Scientific Freedom
Scientific achievements are the core of development. Research doesn’t belong to elites;
rather, it’s a substantial resource for all our citizens.
Education and research should be free from the influence of governments. Any legislation
which could have a negative impact on the autonomy of education and risks shrinking
scientific and academic freedoms would be at odds with the principles of the OSCE.
Therefore, private academic institutions should not be faced with obstacles regarding their
requirements to be registered and operate in any OSCE country. For the same reason, public
universities have a duty to protect the freedom of teaching and free thinking.
The OSCE is committed to protecting the freedom and independence of research. Investment
in science is an investment in all levels of our societies and protecting it is a duty of all OSCE
participating States.
Conclusion
The dream of the entire globe sharing homogeneous living standards and basic rights
underpins Agenda 2030, the action plan for people, the planet, and prosperity signed in
September 2015 by the governments of the 193 UN Member States.
6
Zero poverty, zero hunger, health and well-being for all and for all ages, guaranteed high
standards of education for all, achieving real global gender equality and drinking water
guaranteed for every country in the world are just some of the items in the ambitious Agenda
2030 project.
Regardless of whether or not it is possible to achieve these goals, we must keep them in mind
because they constitute a moral and civil imperative for people who, as we do, work in
representative assemblies.