Præsentationer brugt ved Udvalget for Smøåers høring om national ø-politik den 12. marts

Høring om national ø-
politik
Udvalget for småøer
Onsdag den 12. marts 2025 kl. 13:00-15:45 i Landstingssalen,
Christiansborg
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Offentligt
UFS Alm.del - Bilag 22
Udvalget for Småøer 2024-25
Velkomst ved Kasper Roug
(S)
Formand for Udvalget for Småøer
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Jens Westerskov Andersen
Ph.D., sociolog, Lunds Universitet
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
HVAD KENDETEGNER
EN SUCCESFULD Ø?
Jens Westerskov Andersen, phd-studerende ved lunds
universitet, sociologiska institutionen
3 historiske tendenser eller “problemer”
1. Indbyggertallet er faldet (affolkning)
2. Helårsboligmassen er i stigende grad i
fritidsanvendelse
3. En del tilflyttere (herunder særligt
børnefamilierne) koncentrerer sig på ca.
1/3 af småøerne
1925
94 beboede småøer med ca. 18.600 indbyggere
2025
39 beboede småøer med ca 4.600 indbyggere
Befolkningstilbagegang på hhv. 59,7 og 75,1 %
36 blev komplet affolkede i perioden
24 blev fastlandsforbundet (inkl. 5 affolkede)
En ”rigtig” småø har i gennemsnit 108 indbyggere i dag
2015 – SaDS medlemsøer
Sommerhuse: 4.281
Estimeret sommerhusbefolkning: 8.500-
17.000
Turister: 1.052.253
Turister pr. indbygger:
Småøerne: 246
Bornholm: 16
København: 11
Danmark: 9
Affolkning på øerne
Historisk (dvs. naturlig) affolkning siden 1940’erne
Reduktion i de traditionelle erhverv på øerne (landbrug, fiskeri, osv.)
Økonomisk integration i det europæiske marked
Strukturomlægninger i landbruget/ introduktion af teknologi
Kulturelt skifte i måden, vi bor på (med hvem og med hvor mange)
Siden 1960’erne: fritidsanvendelse af gamle ejendomme
Politisk (dvs. menneskeskabt) affolkning siden 1990’erne
Fravær af lånemuligheder i perioder: øerne er gået glip af vigtig tilflytning
Uændrede overfartsplaner siden 1990’erne: ikke fulgt med tiden eller er
blevet forringet
Kommunalt misvedligehold eller ”nulsumsspil” omkring visse øer (færger,
skoleområdet, hjemmeplejen, etc.)
Alt landdistriktsudvikling handler
om tilflytning!
Tilflytning (mængde og sammensætning) skaber grobund for alle andre aktiviteter på en
ø: grøn omstilling/ udviklingsprojekter, foreningsejede kapaciteter, at holde liv i skolen, at
sikre nok brugere til færgen (for et højere paragraf-20 tilskud) osv. Tilflytning skaber endda
mere tilflytning!
En ø-politik skal handle om at give flere mennesker i Danmark muligheden for at flytte til
en ø – ikke at få dem til det eller at definere meningen med det moderne øliv
Og en sådan ø-politik bør være særligt opmærksom på de mest sårbare øer!
Statslige udviklingsområder
– for en ambitiøs ø-politik
1. En realistisk målsætning for befolkningstilvækst: t.ex. hvordan så det ud i
1990’erne/2000’erne? Hvordan genopretter vi det?
2. Mobilitetsplanlægning: Sejler de danske småø-færger nok? (ift. dækning, frekvens,
og overfart) – og hvad ville et samlet løft/tonnage-omstilling koste samfundet?
3. Boligspørgsmålet: Kan det antal mennesker, der gerne vil bo på en dansk småø
også få lov til det? (ift. lånemuligheder, konkurrencen om boligerne med
fritidsanvendelse, etc. – og kan man eventuelt udvide boligmassen eller reducere
antallet af fritidsanvendere på sigt?)
4. En guideline til den kommunale samarbejdspartner: Er kommunen klædt godt nok på
til at drifte øerne i forhold til alle aspekter og har de også den rette indstilling?
Godfrey Baldacchino
Professor of sociology at the University of Malta,
specialist in island and small state studies
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Ivan Matic
Croatian Island Movement Board Member,
ESIN Vice-Chair
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
ar a d O’Mordha
Department of Rural and Community
Development, Island Unit, Ireland (via Teams)
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Our Living Islands
Ireland’s National Islands Policy
2023-2033
Presentation to Small Islands Committee Danish Parliament
12/03/2025
Aodán Mac an Mhíle
Inhabited offshore islands
2011: 2,879
2016: 2,734
2022: 2,922
2 islands: 500+
8 islands: 100-500
300,000 visitors per year
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
By Rob - File:Location European nation states.svg, CC BY-SA 3.0
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31592426
Our Rural Future
Rural Development Policy 2021-2025
Chapter 10 – “Supporting the sustainability of our islands and
coastal communities”
Action 135 – Publish a new 10-year cross-Departmental Policy for
Island Development and associated Action Plans to ensure
delivery of the policy, covering areas such as housing, health,
energy, utilities, waste management, climate change, education,
digital connectivity, employment, infrastructure and transport.
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Developing national islands policy
2019 - 2022
An extensive consultation process with island communities and
other stakeholders-
Public consultation meetings with islands
Inter-Departmental Group
Bilateral meetings
Ministerial engagement
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Consultation
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Our Living Islands
Launched 7 June 2023
The first whole-of-Government Policy for the islands to be published in 27 years.
An ambitious new ten year national policy designed to support sustainable island
communities.
Accompanied by an Action Plan for the period 2023-2026
80 new time-bound actions agreed with and to be implemented by various
stakeholders, led by a nominated Government Department or State Agency.
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
5 Strategic Objectives
Revitalise population levels on the islands
Diversify island economies
Enhance Health and Wellbeing services
Empower Island Communities
Build smart sustainable futures
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Outcomes
More people living on the islands;
More people working on the islands, with good career
prospects, regardless of where employer is headquartered;
Islands contributing to, and benefiting from, the transition to a
low-carbon economy and a climate-neutral society; and
Island communities, and especially young people, having an
active role in shaping the future for Ireland’s islands
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Implementation
Monitoring Committee established:
Representatives of relevant Government Departments,
agencies and local authorities which have a key role in the
delivery of the policy and action plan;
Representatives of island communities
Progress updates provided at meetings, minutes published online
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Our Living Islands
‹nr.› An Roinn Forbartha Tuaithe agus Pobail | Department of Rural and Community Development
Spørgsmål
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Pause
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Mikko Ollikainen
Member of parliament, Chairman of Island
Committee of Finland
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Island policy in Finland
Finnish Islands
Numbers and facts
Amount of islands
There are about 200 000 islands in Finland.
In addition, there are 6757 islands in Åland. (Åland is
part of Finland, but it has its own autonomous
parliament, own legislation and it operates as an
independent nation. Island policy concerns only
mainland Finland.)
Island areas cover 15 % of the surface area of mainland
Finland.
Archipelago exists both in marine and lake areas.
According to the Island Act: § 3 Island areas are
comprised of islands in the marine area and inland waters
that do not have a fixed road connection, and islands and
mainland areas that are otherwise similar to an island
area with respect to their circumstances.
Most islands are small, less than half hectare.
1 % of islands are over 50 hectares size.
Most of islands do not have fixed road connections.
Finland has coastline 315000 kilometres.
46000 kilometres of coastline are at sea and 215 000
kilometres in lake areas, 54000 kilometres coastline of
rivers.
Islands’ esidents
The e a e abo t inhabited islands itho t
a i ed oad connection to mainland in inland.
t o these abo t a e ll time and 19
a e pa t time inhabited islands.
Abo t pe manent and 1 seasonal
esidents live in the island a eas. inland s
pop lation is app o imately . million
Abo t 8 people live pe manent in the islands
ith no i ed oad connection. onnection to the
mainland is by e ies comm te vessels o
p ivate cable e ies.
inland has 1 comm te vessel o tes 1 ca
e ies and 1 p ivate cable e ies. A o nd 1.
million t ips e e made on e ies a o nd
t ips on comm te vessels and a o nd
t ips on p ivate cable e ies.
Age structure
The age structure of the
archipelago is the same as in
rural areas, which means that the
population is older than average
in the whole country.
30 % of archipelago residents are
over 65 years of age and 17 %
are children and young people,
i.e. under 18 years of age.
In the outer and middle
archipelago live more people
aged over 65 years and fewer
children and young people.
51 % of island residents are
women and 49 % men.
Livelihoods in the archipelago
Jobs have decreased in island areas and an
increasing share of archipelago residents work
outside their municipality of residence.
The importance of the traditional livelihoods in
the archipelago, agriculture, forestry and
fishing, has decreased.
The most significant industries in island areas
are manufacturing (e.g. fish processing, boat
industry) and health and social services.
In addition, public administration and national
defence are important.
Tourism and related livelihoods have increased
in island areas.
Multi-entrepreneurship is typical in island
areas.
Island policy in Finland
Smooth living
in the
archipelago!
hat is island policy in inland
Island policy is the oldest o m o o anised e ional policy the othe t o a e
ban policy and al policy .
In inland island policy dates bac to 19 9.
Today’s island policy is based on the Island Development Act adopted in 1981.
Island policy hi hli hts the island a eas and thei special cha acte istics in
decision ma in p ocesses.
The aim is to ens e smooth eve yday livin and a ood li e in island a eas o
both pe manent and holiday esidents.
The ey p io ities o island policy a e
onnections and mobility
ivelihoods and se vices
Island c lt e
at e and the envi onment
ec ity inte nal and e te nal
The p ima y esponsibility o island policy lies ith the Island ommittee
A and its sec eta iat hich a e appointed by the ove nment.
Island policy system in Finland
Island policy development work is carried out by the Island Committee
(SANK) and its secretariat. The responsibility for island policy rests with the
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
The Island Committee prepares the National Archipelago Programme. The
programme supports the development of island areas at the national and
regional level (municipalities and regions).
Island Committee
Supports the
development of
island areas and
waterways
together with
rural and urban
policy.
What is Island Committee?
The Island Committee (SANK) is appointed by the
Government.
Its activities are based on the Island Development Act.
It is a parliamentary body that is appointed for each
government term.
The Committee has 11 members.
It has a secretariat whose members represent the
ministries, Government agencies and institutes, Regional
Councils, municipalities, non-governmental organizations
and commercial operators.
The Committee holds about 8 meetings per year.
It gives statements and opinions and carries out small-scale
research and survey projects. The Committee has its own
budget (250 000e per year).
Networks
Network of islanders
The Island Committee finances the network of islanders in 2024-2027.
The aim is to strengthen dialogue between the Committee and islanders.
The network brings together islanders from all parts of Finland, both
marine and lake areas.
The network carries out the tasks assigned to the Island Committee by the
Government. An important task is to implement the objectives of the
national Archipelago Programme.
The network has two coordinators who are responsible for the network's
activities.
European Island Policy Network
Finland, Ireland, Croatia and Scotland have established a new network of
countries that aims to find solutions to better support island communities.
The members represent officials responsible for island policy.
The European Islands Policy Network brings together four countries in
Europe with bespoke island legislation or policy. It will facilitate
collaboration and knowledge exchange, allowing them to share expertise
with European partners while learning from the solutions developed by
others.
Housing, transport and the energy transition are some of the key issues the
Network will seek to address, identifying opportunities to remove existing
barriers and strengthen resilience among island communities.
Island Development Act
Island Development Act
Purpose of the Act:
The State and municipalities must act in a way that ensures permanent
inhabitation of the island areas by creating adequate opportunities for
livelihoods, mobility and access to basic services and protects the landscapes and
nature of the island areas against environmental harm.
Island residents are very happy that there is this special Act concerning them.
It means that the State recognises the special characteristics of island areas.
For the most part the Act is a framework act in nature.
The Act is not binding.
The Act will be updated during the government term by 2027.
The Act has not been updated since 1981. In many respects the Act is outdated.
Some sections are technically old and the operating environment has also
changed a lot over the past 40 years. The aim is for the Act to take better
account of the conditions of the island areas today.
The aim is to make the sections more precise and transparent and leave less
room for interpretation.
Updating the Act is included in the current Government Programme and it will be
updated during the government term.
Island municipalities and
partial island municipalities
Island municipalities, partial island
municipalities and supplementary grants
Based on the Island Development Act, the Government designates
municipalities where the island circumstances constitute a significant
obstacle to their development as island municipalities.
The provisions concerning an island municipality may also apply to
island areas of another municipality. Such municipalities are called
partial island municipalities. According to the Government Decree in
force, there are eight island municipalities and 40 partial island
municipalities in Finland.
These are located in both marine and lake areas.
Island municipalities and partial island municipalities receive
supplementary grants for island areas as government transfers.
Provisions on supplementary grants for island areas in government
transfers are laid down in the Act on Central Government Transfers to
Local Government for Basic Public Services.
Besides the economic impact, the designation as an island municipality
or partial island municipality is important for the municipalities. It
shows that the State recognizes and understands the special
characteristics of island areas and the need for special measures that
arises from these.
Municipal autonomy
Municipal autonomy
Municipalities have strong autonomy in Finland (they have some statutory
duties)
Municipalities decide on the use of the island supplement (the island
supplement is intended for the maintaining of basic services)
Management of island issues varies by municipality:
Some municipalities have island bodies such as island boards or island
committees
Some municipalities have their own island programmes or strategies
Thank you!
Kirsten Sydendal
Formand for Sammenslutningen af Danske
Småøer
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Kirsten Sydendal
Formand for Sammenslutningen af Danske Småøer
En national ø-politik for Danmarks øer
Øerne er unik, dansk kulturarv
Øerne tilbyder et liv, der er godt for mennesker og hvor man kan få særlige oplevelser som turist
Øboernes stærke civilsamfund, løsningsorienterede verdenssyn og ansvarsfølelse er kvaliteter,
som det omgivende Danmark kan lære noget af
En samlet politik for de danske øer
Skal definere og garantere grundlæggende rammevilkår, så øernes fremtid sikres
Skal sikre bosætning, erhvervsudvikling og energiløsninger med fornuftigt hensyn til bevarelse og natur
Skal sikre at forskellige tilskud, love og regler arbejder i samme retning
Færgeområdet alene er spredt ud over 3 ministerier!
Økonomisk bæredygtige øer
Helårsbeboere, deltidsøboere og turisme er hinandens forudsætninger
Øerne har potentiale til mere
En samlet politik vil gavne både ø-boere, turister og samfundsøkonomien
Datagrundlag mangler
Der er brug for et ordentligt datagrundlag at pejle efter
Eksempler:
I Danmarks Statistik rundes færgepassagerer op til nærmeste 1000.
499 færgepassagerer er derfor lig med 0 passagerer og 501 er lig med 1000
Overnatningstal for enheder med under 6 sengepladser registreres slet ikke.
Dem er der rigtigt mange af på øerne
Ansvar for kommende generationer
Øerne har brug for, at Folketinget tager ansvar for øerne
til fremtidige generationer
Det er nu, det ansvar skal tages
Lone Jakobi
Borgmester i Odder Kommune (Tunø)
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
unø – rets
g ifm en øring om en n tion
ø o itik orgmester one ko i
dder ommune
Udfordringer
Faldende
befolkningstal
Én børnefamilie
Få færgeafgange
Negative historier
Initiativer
§17.4-udvalg
Nedsættelse af Ø-
udvalg
Udarbejdelse af
udviklingsplan for
Tunø med 4
åbningstræk
Konkrete handlinger
Fordoblet antal
færgeafgange
Koncept for skolegang og
børnepasning
Nye lejeboliger på vej
Kontinuerlig branding af
Tunø
Anskaffelse af ny el-færge
Status
Stigende
befolkningstal
Årets Ø
Strategisk/fysisk
udviklingsplan under
udarbejdelse
Optimisme har afløst
pessimisme
National ø-politik
Økonomiske
rammevilkår
Fredninger og
kystbeskyttelse
Rekruttering
Steffen Damsgaard
Formand for Landdistrikternes Fællesråd
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
En national Ø-politik
Steffen Damsgaard
Formand
Landdistrikternes Fællesråd
Hvorfor en national ø-politik?
Helhedstænkning afgørende!
Bred politisk forankring nationalt.
National helhedstænkning – ikke løsrevne sektorpolitikker
En politik er et klart signal fra staten om ambitionsniveau.
Signal til kommunerne og til borgerne.
Vi skal sætte nye mål.!
Behov for langsigtet national ø-politik med udvikling i fokus.
Vision, mål, politik og økonomiske ressourcer samt prioriteringer skal følges
ad.
Landdistrikternes Fællesråd ønsker en samlet, national ø-politik for småøer
og de mindste ø-kommuner
Foto: John Andreas
Hvorfor en national ø-politik?
Udviklingspotentiale
Øer med stærke brands via deres navn.
Positionere sig for omverden – indenfor erhverv og bosætning.
Vi skal indfri udviklingspotentialet.
Ø-politik skal kunne..
Give sikkerhed for at der ikke sker pludselig beskæringer i den basale service,
men sikre forudsigelighed.
Økonomi skal følge med til den valgte politik.
Hvad er vores vision og politik for øerne om 10-20 år?
Foto: John Andreas
Mulige fokusområder i ø-politikken
Færgedrift / transport / mobilitet
Digitalisering og digital infrastruktur
Offentlige servicefunktioner
Uddannelse
Sundhed
Ældrepleje
Bosætning og beboelsesmuligheder
Erhverv herunder turisme
Kystlov og planlov – rammer for livet på øerne.
Grøn omstilling og klimasikring
+ meget mere…
Bevar ø-kommunerne
Flere ø-kommuner er udfordrede økonomisk…
Velfærdstilbud er ofte dyrere pr.
borger
Tilskuds- og udligningssystem tager ikke højde for
smådriftsulemper
Ekstraordinære udgifter, f.eks.
Færgedrift
Sammenlægning med nabokommuner løser ikke udfordringer,
men flytter blot udfordringer.
LDF mener:
Ø-politik skal også gælde de mindste ø-kommuner.
Bevar ø-kommuner og giv dem de nødvendige ressourcer til at
opretholde serviceniveau
Foto: John Andreas
Fra ø-politik til landdistriktspolitik?
Problemer på øerne findes også i landdistrikterne
Behov for en langsigtet strategi
Behov for reelle løsninger frem for lappeløsninger
Behov for en national, langsigtet vision for landdistrikterne:
Folkeskoler og uddannelse
Mobilitet
Bosætning
Erhvervsudvikling og arbejdspladser
Grøn trepart og arealomlæggelser
Grøn omstilling og VE
… og meget mere!
Kan en national ø-politik være med til at bane vejen for en langsigtet
og ambitiøs landdistriktspolitik?
Opsummering
Landdistrikternes Fællesråd bakker entydigt op om en langsigtet
national ø-politik
Helhedsorienteret politik med samtænkning forskellige løsninger
Ø-kommunerne: Vigtigt med selvstændige ø-kommuner
Første skridt mod en langsigtet, ambitiøs landdistriktspolitik
Spørgsmål?
Spørgsmål
Folketinget 12. marts 2025
Minister for byer og
landdistrikter, Morten
Dahlin (V)
Folketinget 25. marts 2025
Afrunding ved Kasper Roug
(S)
Formand for Udvalget for Småøer
Folketinget 12. marts 2025